the loss of estuarine biodiversity (Bianchi, 2007).
Increased anthropogenic N flow into rivers from agricultural, industrial, and urban activities intensifies the estuarine eutrophication process to favor the growth of
algae and other unwanted vegetation (Kennish, 1997).
Eutrophication can cause major changes in phytoplankton
community structure, the proliferation of harmful or toxic
algae, decline of fisheries, and loss of biodiversity (Stumm
and Morgan, 1996; Kennish, 1997).
Summary
Nutrients are chemical substances of great ecological
importance, being essential for primary production in estuaries. They are essential to the trophic web and estuarine
biodiversity. Iron is the most important bioactive trace element. Nutrient elements are continually cycled among
organisms, water, sediments, and the atmosphere. The concentrations of nutrients in estuaries are affected by mixing
and circulation processes. Nutrient enrichment can lead to
eutrophication and environmental damage, compromising
estuarine community structure and function.
Bibliography
Bianchi, T. S., 2007. Biogeochemistry of Estuaries. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Day, J. W., Crump, B. C., Kemp, M. W., and Yánez-Arancibia, A.,
2012. Estuarine Ecology, 2nd edn. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell.
Falkowski, P. G., and Raven, J. A., 2007. Aquatic Photosynthesis,
2nd edn. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Kennish, M. J., 1997. Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine
Pollution. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Stumm, W., and Morgan, J. J., 1996. Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical
Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters, 3rd edn. New York:
Wiley.
Cross-references
Ecological Stoichiometry
Ecological Monitoring
Eutrophication
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
Nitrogen
Nutrient Dynamics
Nutrient Limitation
Phosphorus
466
NUTRIENTS
Increased anthropogenic N flow into rivers from agricultural, industrial, and urban activities intensifies the estuarine eutrophication process to favor the growth of
algae and other unwanted vegetation (Kennish, 1997).
Eutrophication can cause major changes in phytoplankton
community structure, the proliferation of harmful or toxic
algae, decline of fisheries, and loss of biodiversity (Stumm
and Morgan, 1996; Kennish, 1997).
Summary
Nutrients are chemical substances of great ecological
importance, being essential for primary production in estuaries. They are essential to the trophic web and estuarine
biodiversity. Iron is the most important bioactive trace element. Nutrient elements are continually cycled among
organisms, water, sediments, and the atmosphere. The concentrations of nutrients in estuaries are affected by mixing
and circulation processes. Nutrient enrichment can lead to
eutrophication and environmental damage, compromising
estuarine community structure and function.
Bibliography
Bianchi, T. S., 2007. Biogeochemistry of Estuaries. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Day, J. W., Crump, B. C., Kemp, M. W., and Yánez-Arancibia, A.,
2012. Estuarine Ecology, 2nd edn. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell.
Falkowski, P. G., and Raven, J. A., 2007. Aquatic Photosynthesis,
2nd edn. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Kennish, M. J., 1997. Practical Handbook of Estuarine and Marine
Pollution. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Stumm, W., and Morgan, J. J., 1996. Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical
Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters, 3rd edn. New York:
Wiley.
Cross-references
Ecological Stoichiometry
Ecological Monitoring
Eutrophication
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
Nitrogen
Nutrient Dynamics
Nutrient Limitation
Phosphorus
466
NUTRIENTS