14
1.1 doubl. day for -1 to 4 0 C). They are also generally below the rates
predicted by equations based on growth of Skeletonema in outdoor dialysis cultures (~ 80% of Eppley's rates, Sakshaug 1977, Hegseth and
Sakshaug 1983). Their cold adaptation consists of being obligate
psychrophilic (~eori and Holm-Hansen 1982, Jacques 1983) and apparently not in being able to grow fast at low temperatures (Fogg 1977). In
this respect they differ strikingly from some species which form blooms
in the Arctic. Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii and Detonula confervacea,
although not being strictly Arctic, belong to this category. They grow
at their optimum temperature at least as fast as predicted by Eppley's
equation, and they are not as strongly obligate psychrophilic as Antarctic diatoms investigated hitherto (Smayda 1969, Durbin 1974, Neori and
Holm-Hansen 1983).
It thus seems that the rate of photosynthesis per
unit phytoplankton biomass in Antarctic waters is severely limited by
thermo-dynamic effects on cellular enzyme systems.
REFERENCES
Alexander V (1980) Interrelationships between the seasonal sea ice and biological
regimes. Cold Regions Sci. Technol. 2 : 157-178.
Azam F, Field JG, Gray JS, Meyer-Reil LA and Thingstad F (1983) The ecological role
of water-column microbes in the sea. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 10 : 257-263.
Biggs DC, Johnson MA, Bidigare RR, Guffy JD and Holm-Hansen 0 (1982) Shipboard autoanalyzer studies of nutrient chemistry, 0-20Om, in the Eastern Scotia Sea during
FIBEX (January-March 1981). Techn Rept 82-11-T, Dept. Oceanography, Texas A &
M University, p 98.
Braarud T (1935) The "¢st" expedition to the Denmark Strait 1929. II. The phytoplankton and its conditions of growth. Hvalrad. $kr. 10 : 1-173.
Braarud T and Klem A (1931) Hydrographical and chemical investigations in the
coastal waters off M¢re and in the Romsdalsfjord. Hvalrad, Skr. 1 : 1-88.
Brockel K von (1981) The importance of nanoplankton within the pelagic Antarctic
ecosystem. Kieler Meeresforsch. Sonderheft 5 : 61-67.
Buckley JR, Gammelsr¢d T, Johannesen JA, Johannesen OM and R¢ed LP (1979) Upwelling: Oceanic structure at the edge of the Arctic ice pack in winter.
Science, N.Y. 203 : 165-167.
Bunt JS and Lee CC (1970) Seasonal primary production in antarctic sea ice at
MCMurdo Sound in 1967. J. Mar. Res. 28 : 304-320.
Burkholder PR and Mandelli EF (1965) Carbon assimilation of marine phytoplankton
in Antarctica. Proc. National Acad. Sci. (US) 54 : 437-444.
Durbin EG (1974) Studies on the autecology of the marine diatom ThaZassiosira
nordenskioeldii Cleve. 1. The influence of day-length, light intensity and
temperature on growth. J. Phycol. 10 : 220-225.
Ellertsen B, Loeng H, Rey F and Tjelmeland S (1981) The feeding condition of capelin during summer. Field observations in 1979 and 1980. Fisken Hav. 1981 (3)
: 1-68 (in Norwegian, English abstract).
1.1 doubl. day for -1 to 4 0 C). They are also generally below the rates
predicted by equations based on growth of Skeletonema in outdoor dialysis cultures (~ 80% of Eppley's rates, Sakshaug 1977, Hegseth and
Sakshaug 1983). Their cold adaptation consists of being obligate
psychrophilic (~eori and Holm-Hansen 1982, Jacques 1983) and apparently not in being able to grow fast at low temperatures (Fogg 1977). In
this respect they differ strikingly from some species which form blooms
in the Arctic. Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii and Detonula confervacea,
although not being strictly Arctic, belong to this category. They grow
at their optimum temperature at least as fast as predicted by Eppley's
equation, and they are not as strongly obligate psychrophilic as Antarctic diatoms investigated hitherto (Smayda 1969, Durbin 1974, Neori and
Holm-Hansen 1983).
It thus seems that the rate of photosynthesis per
unit phytoplankton biomass in Antarctic waters is severely limited by
thermo-dynamic effects on cellular enzyme systems.
REFERENCES
Alexander V (1980) Interrelationships between the seasonal sea ice and biological
regimes. Cold Regions Sci. Technol. 2 : 157-178.
Azam F, Field JG, Gray JS, Meyer-Reil LA and Thingstad F (1983) The ecological role
of water-column microbes in the sea. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 10 : 257-263.
Biggs DC, Johnson MA, Bidigare RR, Guffy JD and Holm-Hansen 0 (1982) Shipboard autoanalyzer studies of nutrient chemistry, 0-20Om, in the Eastern Scotia Sea during
FIBEX (January-March 1981). Techn Rept 82-11-T, Dept. Oceanography, Texas A &
M University, p 98.
Braarud T (1935) The "¢st" expedition to the Denmark Strait 1929. II. The phytoplankton and its conditions of growth. Hvalrad. $kr. 10 : 1-173.
Braarud T and Klem A (1931) Hydrographical and chemical investigations in the
coastal waters off M¢re and in the Romsdalsfjord. Hvalrad, Skr. 1 : 1-88.
Brockel K von (1981) The importance of nanoplankton within the pelagic Antarctic
ecosystem. Kieler Meeresforsch. Sonderheft 5 : 61-67.
Buckley JR, Gammelsr¢d T, Johannesen JA, Johannesen OM and R¢ed LP (1979) Upwelling: Oceanic structure at the edge of the Arctic ice pack in winter.
Science, N.Y. 203 : 165-167.
Bunt JS and Lee CC (1970) Seasonal primary production in antarctic sea ice at
MCMurdo Sound in 1967. J. Mar. Res. 28 : 304-320.
Burkholder PR and Mandelli EF (1965) Carbon assimilation of marine phytoplankton
in Antarctica. Proc. National Acad. Sci. (US) 54 : 437-444.
Durbin EG (1974) Studies on the autecology of the marine diatom ThaZassiosira
nordenskioeldii Cleve. 1. The influence of day-length, light intensity and
temperature on growth. J. Phycol. 10 : 220-225.
Ellertsen B, Loeng H, Rey F and Tjelmeland S (1981) The feeding condition of capelin during summer. Field observations in 1979 and 1980. Fisken Hav. 1981 (3)
: 1-68 (in Norwegian, English abstract).