560
2014; Tadeo 2014). It is possible that these events are due to the invasion of this
species habitat and their ability to survive in man-modified areas or due to the
resource competition between them and fishermen; which has led to direct hunting
of the species or indirect (bycatch) which in some cases has decimated their populations as reported in several lagoon systems (McGregor 2005; Hernandez-Hurtado
et al. 2006; Balaguera-Reina and González-Maya 2010; Dunham et al. 2010). This
can be considered as an additional threat to that generated by modifying the physicochemical conditions of water (UNCTAD 2014) for this species, despite their ability of adaptation to altered sites. Despite this alteration scheme, human activities
related to the resources can be grouped into two opposite but complementary categories, the use of a protected resource with production and extraction activities. In
Mexico, the first are intended to be regulated by ecological systems and the later
with the protection area (PA) (Pereira-Corona et al. 2015). In this sense, it can be
said that the institutional context and co-management are the pillars on which sustainable management is held.
18.2 Environmental Regulations
The PVE is linked to two environmental policy instruments (EPA): (1) Land
Management Program for Colima State (POETEC), and (2) the Regional Land
Management Program of the sub-basin of Laguna Cuyutlán (PROETSLC). From
this, other provisions are established such as those found in Article 20 Bis 2 of the
LGEEPA, and in various laws of the State of Colima. The common aim of these
EPA is to assess and schedule, from an environmental perspective, the land use, the
use of natural resources, the productive activities and their relationship with the
urban and rural development, in order to reconcile all these components (environmental, urban, rural and economic), and so they become the baseline for the development of programs and projects that are intended to be executed, from their
analysis of deterioration and potential uses (POEC 2007; Official Gazette of the
Federation DOF 2015a). It is very important to note that, in order to achieve a
greater protection for the PVE area, it would be appropriate that in the POETEC of
the local territory was issued, in which specific regulations appear to allow greater
protection to this area.
In the POETEC the PVE is considered under Protection Policy, while the adjacent agricultural area is within the Land Management Area (LMA) No. 88 with a
Sustainable Use Policy (Table 18.1) (POEC 2012, 2013). In the PROETSLC, the
PVE corresponds to the LMA No. 65 under Protection Policy, while the agricultural
area forms a part of the LMA No. 61 under the Agricultural Use Policy (Table 18.1).
Both LMA’s are adjacent to each other with a series of ecological criteria set out in
different zonings (POEC 2007, 2012, 2014). In the PROETSLC it is emphasized on
the overall conservation of Basins III and IV of Cuyutlan Lagoon, by declaring the
corresponding protected natural areas which have not yet been executed.
O. Cervantes et al.
2014; Tadeo 2014). It is possible that these events are due to the invasion of this
species habitat and their ability to survive in man-modified areas or due to the
resource competition between them and fishermen; which has led to direct hunting
of the species or indirect (bycatch) which in some cases has decimated their populations as reported in several lagoon systems (McGregor 2005; Hernandez-Hurtado
et al. 2006; Balaguera-Reina and González-Maya 2010; Dunham et al. 2010). This
can be considered as an additional threat to that generated by modifying the physicochemical conditions of water (UNCTAD 2014) for this species, despite their ability of adaptation to altered sites. Despite this alteration scheme, human activities
related to the resources can be grouped into two opposite but complementary categories, the use of a protected resource with production and extraction activities. In
Mexico, the first are intended to be regulated by ecological systems and the later
with the protection area (PA) (Pereira-Corona et al. 2015). In this sense, it can be
said that the institutional context and co-management are the pillars on which sustainable management is held.
18.2 Environmental Regulations
The PVE is linked to two environmental policy instruments (EPA): (1) Land
Management Program for Colima State (POETEC), and (2) the Regional Land
Management Program of the sub-basin of Laguna Cuyutlán (PROETSLC). From
this, other provisions are established such as those found in Article 20 Bis 2 of the
LGEEPA, and in various laws of the State of Colima. The common aim of these
EPA is to assess and schedule, from an environmental perspective, the land use, the
use of natural resources, the productive activities and their relationship with the
urban and rural development, in order to reconcile all these components (environmental, urban, rural and economic), and so they become the baseline for the development of programs and projects that are intended to be executed, from their
analysis of deterioration and potential uses (POEC 2007; Official Gazette of the
Federation DOF 2015a). It is very important to note that, in order to achieve a
greater protection for the PVE area, it would be appropriate that in the POETEC of
the local territory was issued, in which specific regulations appear to allow greater
protection to this area.
In the POETEC the PVE is considered under Protection Policy, while the adjacent agricultural area is within the Land Management Area (LMA) No. 88 with a
Sustainable Use Policy (Table 18.1) (POEC 2012, 2013). In the PROETSLC, the
PVE corresponds to the LMA No. 65 under Protection Policy, while the agricultural
area forms a part of the LMA No. 61 under the Agricultural Use Policy (Table 18.1).
Both LMA’s are adjacent to each other with a series of ecological criteria set out in
different zonings (POEC 2007, 2012, 2014). In the PROETSLC it is emphasized on
the overall conservation of Basins III and IV of Cuyutlan Lagoon, by declaring the
corresponding protected natural areas which have not yet been executed.
O. Cervantes et al.