475
preference matrix, people perceives this wetland’s foreground is coherence and
middle-background is complexity and mysterious. The environmental information
is easier to understand to people; furthermore, complex environmental information
in the distance made people goes deep into exploration. This wetland setting is preferred by people. Meanwhile, this kind of wetland in both changing and stable environment, K and R strategist species coexist in this wetland, and species diversity
and abundance is higher than others. The above imply the openness of landscape of
coastal wetland has discernible effect on ecological aesthetic.
View distance is a critical factor in landscape preference (Jorgensen et al. 2002),
and viewshed is deep and wide could determine visual quality (Appleton 1996). In
terms of aesthetic preference, the long view distance of landscape is more interesting for people because the landscape itself contain more environmental information.
Visual penetration is also dependent on the spatial arrangement of vegetation and
view distance. The interaction of view distance and vegetation density has effect on
landscape preference. Whereas sparser vegetation was more preferred to denser
vegetation in close views, the visual penetration of former is better than latter.
Wetland’s ecological aesthetic is not only wetland itself but includes the surrounding landscape of wetland. The surrounding land use has impacts on wetland
landscape and ecology, especial the direct people’s field of view. Human engage in
environment that encompasses on-site and off-site area. The interactions give to
raise aesthetic experience.
Land use activities adjacent to wetlands can affect wetland habitat by altering
inputs of sunlight, sediment, nutrients, hydrology etc. (Batzer and Sharitz 2014) that
changing the quantity and quality wetland (Houlahan and Findlay 2003; Karstens
et al. 2016). Different surrounding land use is reflection of people-social situation
and concern for wetlands that exposed environmental information would affect
people value ecological aesthetic of wetland.
Land use intensity affects the patch size of wetlands; meanwhile, has effect on
the scale of the people’s naturalness perception. Vision field of high-intensity land
use adjacent to wetlands will make people arouse negative emotional reaction such
as dislike, bored because of perceived unnaturalness, species-poor. Conversely,
lower-intensity land use is positive contribution to scenic beauty and usually benefits to wetland ecology. Effective buffer zone is important to ensure the quality of
ecological aesthetic of coastal wetland (Castelle 1992; Castelle et al. 1994; Office
of Long Island Sound Programs 1994).
15.6 Conclusion
Coastal wetlands are not only the important habitats but also the beautiful places;
coastal wetlands are too valuable to lose (National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration [NOAA] 2016).
Coastal wetlands play a number of roles in the environment and are considered
the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems. Coastal wetlands are various in
15 Ecological Aesthetics Perspective for Coastal Wetland Conservation
preference matrix, people perceives this wetland’s foreground is coherence and
middle-background is complexity and mysterious. The environmental information
is easier to understand to people; furthermore, complex environmental information
in the distance made people goes deep into exploration. This wetland setting is preferred by people. Meanwhile, this kind of wetland in both changing and stable environment, K and R strategist species coexist in this wetland, and species diversity
and abundance is higher than others. The above imply the openness of landscape of
coastal wetland has discernible effect on ecological aesthetic.
View distance is a critical factor in landscape preference (Jorgensen et al. 2002),
and viewshed is deep and wide could determine visual quality (Appleton 1996). In
terms of aesthetic preference, the long view distance of landscape is more interesting for people because the landscape itself contain more environmental information.
Visual penetration is also dependent on the spatial arrangement of vegetation and
view distance. The interaction of view distance and vegetation density has effect on
landscape preference. Whereas sparser vegetation was more preferred to denser
vegetation in close views, the visual penetration of former is better than latter.
Wetland’s ecological aesthetic is not only wetland itself but includes the surrounding landscape of wetland. The surrounding land use has impacts on wetland
landscape and ecology, especial the direct people’s field of view. Human engage in
environment that encompasses on-site and off-site area. The interactions give to
raise aesthetic experience.
Land use activities adjacent to wetlands can affect wetland habitat by altering
inputs of sunlight, sediment, nutrients, hydrology etc. (Batzer and Sharitz 2014) that
changing the quantity and quality wetland (Houlahan and Findlay 2003; Karstens
et al. 2016). Different surrounding land use is reflection of people-social situation
and concern for wetlands that exposed environmental information would affect
people value ecological aesthetic of wetland.
Land use intensity affects the patch size of wetlands; meanwhile, has effect on
the scale of the people’s naturalness perception. Vision field of high-intensity land
use adjacent to wetlands will make people arouse negative emotional reaction such
as dislike, bored because of perceived unnaturalness, species-poor. Conversely,
lower-intensity land use is positive contribution to scenic beauty and usually benefits to wetland ecology. Effective buffer zone is important to ensure the quality of
ecological aesthetic of coastal wetland (Castelle 1992; Castelle et al. 1994; Office
of Long Island Sound Programs 1994).
15.6 Conclusion
Coastal wetlands are not only the important habitats but also the beautiful places;
coastal wetlands are too valuable to lose (National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration [NOAA] 2016).
Coastal wetlands play a number of roles in the environment and are considered
the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems. Coastal wetlands are various in
15 Ecological Aesthetics Perspective for Coastal Wetland Conservation