399
quences in fall of dissolved oxygen levels. This leads to the mortality of aquatic
life’s.
People were involved in salt pan construction as basic activities in salt using
solar energy. The salts pans located nearer to mangrove forests areas hinder mangrove trees regeneration due to reduce the fresh water flow and rise of soil salinity.
The reduction in fresh water and tidal water inflow increases the salinity of these
areas, resulting in poor germination, growth and regeneration of mangroves
(Fig. 12.4a–c). Which results, formation of unpleasant environmental conditions
that damage the growth, regeneration of mangrove ecosystem. In addition, people
reside in the salt pan areas utilizing the mangrove trees to build huts for store up salt
and also they are using as firewood for cooking lunch at salt pan areas. These activities led to the decline of both mangrove vegetations and its ecosystem.
12.5.3 Agriculture and Aquaculture
Agricultural runoff water, contaminated with many pesticides and fertilizers used
by the farmers to enhance the yield, is being mixed in Kaliveli watershed, thus distressing its fishery leads to affect the livelihood of fishermen. Most of the agricultural and other marsh lands are being transformed to aqua farms (Fig. 12.5).
People living in the surrounding villages started the shrimp farms and their area
have increasing rapidly. The tidal waters from the Bay of Bengal flow up to them.
Hence, the subsurface water in these region has become saline.
Fig. 12.2 Showing the dense mangrove vegetation area
12 Assessment of Anthropogenic Threats to the Biological Resources of Kaliveli…
quences in fall of dissolved oxygen levels. This leads to the mortality of aquatic
life’s.
People were involved in salt pan construction as basic activities in salt using
solar energy. The salts pans located nearer to mangrove forests areas hinder mangrove trees regeneration due to reduce the fresh water flow and rise of soil salinity.
The reduction in fresh water and tidal water inflow increases the salinity of these
areas, resulting in poor germination, growth and regeneration of mangroves
(Fig. 12.4a–c). Which results, formation of unpleasant environmental conditions
that damage the growth, regeneration of mangrove ecosystem. In addition, people
reside in the salt pan areas utilizing the mangrove trees to build huts for store up salt
and also they are using as firewood for cooking lunch at salt pan areas. These activities led to the decline of both mangrove vegetations and its ecosystem.
12.5.3 Agriculture and Aquaculture
Agricultural runoff water, contaminated with many pesticides and fertilizers used
by the farmers to enhance the yield, is being mixed in Kaliveli watershed, thus distressing its fishery leads to affect the livelihood of fishermen. Most of the agricultural and other marsh lands are being transformed to aqua farms (Fig. 12.5).
People living in the surrounding villages started the shrimp farms and their area
have increasing rapidly. The tidal waters from the Bay of Bengal flow up to them.
Hence, the subsurface water in these region has become saline.
Fig. 12.2 Showing the dense mangrove vegetation area
12 Assessment of Anthropogenic Threats to the Biological Resources of Kaliveli…