266
therefore, that contemporary climate change produces alterations due to the change
in the hydric regime forced by precipitations, modifications of ambient temperature
and alterations in the coastal zone by the elevations of the MSL, what, added to
anthropic pressure, put the wetland sustainability in risk in the long term.
Previous lagoons were also coastal lagoons but due to displacements and co seismic raising, they are in their current location (10 or more meters above sea level
and some km inland). However, they still conserve the saline characteristics that
support the abundance and biodiversity of animals and plants.
El Yali was severely affected by the earthquake and tsunami in 2010, destroying
800 ha of beaches that used to be protected by a dune now disappeared (Contreras
2014). The absence of thus dune has turned the system more vulnerable before any
ocean swell, as those occurred in August 2015 (Winckler et al. 2015). The recent
earthquake and tsunami of 16 September 2015 also flooded about 280 ha in this area
(Contreras-López et al. 2016), showing once more the vulnerability of the system.
Acknowledgements This study and data gathered have been generously supported by different
projects and institutions. Special thanks to CONAF, MMA, SERVIMET, SHOA, DGA, Parks
Canada and Fondo Desarrollo Disciplinario Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Playa Ancha.
References
Aceituno P (1992) Anomalías de precipitación en chile central relacionadas con la oscilación del
Sur: Mecanismos Asociados. In: Ortlieb L, Macharé J (eds) Extended Abstract: “Paleo – ENSO
records” intern symp, Lima, http://www.ceprode.org.sv/documentos/fenomenoelnino/pdf/spa/
doc9231/doc9231-contenido.pdf. Access 8 Oct 2016
Acuña-O P, Vélez-R CA, Mizobe CE, Bustos-López C, Contreras-López M (2014) Mortalidad de
la población de rana grande chilena, Calyptocephalella gayi (Calyptocephalellidae), en la
laguna Matanzas, del Humedal El Yali, en Chile Central. Anales Museo Historia Natural de
Valparaíso N°27: 35–50
Aguirre-Gómez R, Salmerón-García O, Álvarez R (2012) Satellite observations of the effect of
ENSO on the Tehuantepec and Papagay upwellings. Interciencia 37(11):828–832
Albert F (1900) Las dunas, o sean las arenas volantes, voladeros, arenas muertas, invasión de arenas, playas y médanos del centro de Chile: comprendiendo el litoral desde el límite norte de la
provincia de Aconcagua hasta el límite sur de la de Arauco. Anales de la Universidad de Chile,
imprenta Cervantes, Santiago. http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/mc0027318.pdf.
Accessed 8 Oct 2016
Albrecht F, Shaffer G (2016) Regional sea-level change along the Chilean Coast in the 21st century. J Coastal Res. doi:10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-15-00192.1
Alvial A, Fuenzalida R, Herrera G, Prado L, Soto R, Zapata B (1994) Presencia del fenómeno “El
Niño” en la zona costera de Iquique, con especial referencia al período 1982–1983. Ambiente
Desarro I(1):133–136
Arcos D, Cubillos L, Núñez S (2004) Efectos de El Niño 1997–1998 sobre las principales pesquerías pelágicas de la zona centro – sur de Chile. In: Avaria P, Carrasco J, Rutllant J, Yáñez E
(eds) El Niño–La Niña 1997–2000. Sus efectos en Chile, CONA, Valparaíso, pp 153–177.
http://www.cona.cl/libroelnino/2_aspectos_bio_pesq/9arcos.pdf. Accessed 9 Oct 2016
Arntz W, Farhbach E (1996) El Niño. Experimento climático de la naturaleza, causas físicas y
efectos biológicos. Fondo de Cultura Económica, México
M. Contreras-López et al.
therefore, that contemporary climate change produces alterations due to the change
in the hydric regime forced by precipitations, modifications of ambient temperature
and alterations in the coastal zone by the elevations of the MSL, what, added to
anthropic pressure, put the wetland sustainability in risk in the long term.
Previous lagoons were also coastal lagoons but due to displacements and co seismic raising, they are in their current location (10 or more meters above sea level
and some km inland). However, they still conserve the saline characteristics that
support the abundance and biodiversity of animals and plants.
El Yali was severely affected by the earthquake and tsunami in 2010, destroying
800 ha of beaches that used to be protected by a dune now disappeared (Contreras
2014). The absence of thus dune has turned the system more vulnerable before any
ocean swell, as those occurred in August 2015 (Winckler et al. 2015). The recent
earthquake and tsunami of 16 September 2015 also flooded about 280 ha in this area
(Contreras-López et al. 2016), showing once more the vulnerability of the system.
Acknowledgements This study and data gathered have been generously supported by different
projects and institutions. Special thanks to CONAF, MMA, SERVIMET, SHOA, DGA, Parks
Canada and Fondo Desarrollo Disciplinario Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Playa Ancha.
References
Aceituno P (1992) Anomalías de precipitación en chile central relacionadas con la oscilación del
Sur: Mecanismos Asociados. In: Ortlieb L, Macharé J (eds) Extended Abstract: “Paleo – ENSO
records” intern symp, Lima, http://www.ceprode.org.sv/documentos/fenomenoelnino/pdf/spa/
doc9231/doc9231-contenido.pdf. Access 8 Oct 2016
Acuña-O P, Vélez-R CA, Mizobe CE, Bustos-López C, Contreras-López M (2014) Mortalidad de
la población de rana grande chilena, Calyptocephalella gayi (Calyptocephalellidae), en la
laguna Matanzas, del Humedal El Yali, en Chile Central. Anales Museo Historia Natural de
Valparaíso N°27: 35–50
Aguirre-Gómez R, Salmerón-García O, Álvarez R (2012) Satellite observations of the effect of
ENSO on the Tehuantepec and Papagay upwellings. Interciencia 37(11):828–832
Albert F (1900) Las dunas, o sean las arenas volantes, voladeros, arenas muertas, invasión de arenas, playas y médanos del centro de Chile: comprendiendo el litoral desde el límite norte de la
provincia de Aconcagua hasta el límite sur de la de Arauco. Anales de la Universidad de Chile,
imprenta Cervantes, Santiago. http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/mc0027318.pdf.
Accessed 8 Oct 2016
Albrecht F, Shaffer G (2016) Regional sea-level change along the Chilean Coast in the 21st century. J Coastal Res. doi:10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-15-00192.1
Alvial A, Fuenzalida R, Herrera G, Prado L, Soto R, Zapata B (1994) Presencia del fenómeno “El
Niño” en la zona costera de Iquique, con especial referencia al período 1982–1983. Ambiente
Desarro I(1):133–136
Arcos D, Cubillos L, Núñez S (2004) Efectos de El Niño 1997–1998 sobre las principales pesquerías pelágicas de la zona centro – sur de Chile. In: Avaria P, Carrasco J, Rutllant J, Yáñez E
(eds) El Niño–La Niña 1997–2000. Sus efectos en Chile, CONA, Valparaíso, pp 153–177.
http://www.cona.cl/libroelnino/2_aspectos_bio_pesq/9arcos.pdf. Accessed 9 Oct 2016
Arntz W, Farhbach E (1996) El Niño. Experimento climático de la naturaleza, causas físicas y
efectos biológicos. Fondo de Cultura Económica, México
M. Contreras-López et al.