191
of mouth of Hoogly- Bhagirathi river in the west to the mouth of the Padma-Meghna
river in the east (Figs. 6.1 and 6.2) (Islam 2016). The coastal area of the delta is
confined roughly in an area between longitudes 80° 0′ E to 91° 0′E and 21° 30′N to
22° 30′N latitude. The coastal area of Bangladesh is deltaic active and hydrologically dynamics. The coastal areas of Bangladesh have been defined and categorized
by Coastal Area Resource Development and Management Association (CARDMA)
in three different types of coastal regions on the basis of physiographic characteristics. These three divisions are: The Eastern Region, The Central Region and The
Western Region (Figs. 6.1 and 6.2). The eastern coastline extending from the Big
Feni River to Badar Makam along Chittagong is regular and unbroken and protected
along the sea by mud flats and submerged sands (ESCAP 1988; FAP-4 FPCO 1999;
Halcrow 1993; Goodbred and Kuehl 2000). The Cox’s Bazar sand beach about
145 km long is part of this coastline (Fig. 6.2).
The central region runs east from the Tetulia River to the big Feni River estuary
and including the mouth of the combined flows of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna
Rivers (Akter et al. 2010). This is why this region is characterized by heavy sediment input, formation of new chars and river bank erosion and accretion. The western region covers the coastline westward from the Tetulia River to the international
boundary located at the Hariabhanga River (Figs. 6.1 and 6.2). This region is mostly
covered with dense mangrove forests with reduce the River bank erosion. The rivers
of the region are mostly stable; land accretion does not occur massively (Jalal 1988).
Fig. 6.2 Coastal morphology and ecosystems in Bangladesh (Source: Islam et al. 2016)
6 Degraded Coastal Wetland Ecosystems in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Rivers Delta…
of mouth of Hoogly- Bhagirathi river in the west to the mouth of the Padma-Meghna
river in the east (Figs. 6.1 and 6.2) (Islam 2016). The coastal area of the delta is
confined roughly in an area between longitudes 80° 0′ E to 91° 0′E and 21° 30′N to
22° 30′N latitude. The coastal area of Bangladesh is deltaic active and hydrologically dynamics. The coastal areas of Bangladesh have been defined and categorized
by Coastal Area Resource Development and Management Association (CARDMA)
in three different types of coastal regions on the basis of physiographic characteristics. These three divisions are: The Eastern Region, The Central Region and The
Western Region (Figs. 6.1 and 6.2). The eastern coastline extending from the Big
Feni River to Badar Makam along Chittagong is regular and unbroken and protected
along the sea by mud flats and submerged sands (ESCAP 1988; FAP-4 FPCO 1999;
Halcrow 1993; Goodbred and Kuehl 2000). The Cox’s Bazar sand beach about
145 km long is part of this coastline (Fig. 6.2).
The central region runs east from the Tetulia River to the big Feni River estuary
and including the mouth of the combined flows of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna
Rivers (Akter et al. 2010). This is why this region is characterized by heavy sediment input, formation of new chars and river bank erosion and accretion. The western region covers the coastline westward from the Tetulia River to the international
boundary located at the Hariabhanga River (Figs. 6.1 and 6.2). This region is mostly
covered with dense mangrove forests with reduce the River bank erosion. The rivers
of the region are mostly stable; land accretion does not occur massively (Jalal 1988).
Fig. 6.2 Coastal morphology and ecosystems in Bangladesh (Source: Islam et al. 2016)
6 Degraded Coastal Wetland Ecosystems in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Rivers Delta…