137
4.4 Characteristics of Sungai Mangsalut (Mangsalut River)
Sungai Mangsalut is located in the Brunei Area of the Country of Brunei. The
Stream is located at the latitude and longitude coordinates of 4.916667 and
114.933333. Fishing enthusiasts interested in fishing near or at Sungai Mangsalut.
This could be one of the best fishing or outdoors adventure locations in the regions
of Africa/Middle East. The fishing activities are also motivating and encouraging to
start commercial and entrepreneurship activities to the near coastal region in Sungai
Mangsalut Rivers. The young entrepreneur fishing and outdoor adventures are
enhanced by our social fishing website, so we ask that you share your experiences
with other fishing enthusiasts both young and old. Fishermen and Fisherwomen
should also submit a comment or report on Sungai Mangsalut to help out their fellow anglers. The fishing site also provides users the ability to easily track fishing
catches and experiences with exact GPS location on the body of water, create fishing groups to communication with your fishing buddies, find tackle shops fishing
schools and marines and port located near your fishing sites and last be not least
enter fishing contests to win fishing equipment and supplies.
The Mangsalut River is an estuary. Estuary is an area where freshwater river or
stream meets the ocean. The type of estuary is a coastal plain estuary, in the study
of classification of estuaries done by Oberrecht (ed.), it was formed at the end of the
last ice age. As ice melted and water warmed up, sea level rose. The rising sea level
swamped low-lying coastal river valleys. These valleys usually have a shallow depth
with gentle sloping bottoms. Their depth increases towards the river’s mouth
(Fig. 4.2).
The Sungai Mangsalut is interconnected to seven rivers in Brunei:
1. Sungai Antong (Antong River)
2. Sungai in Kampong Lambak (Kampong Lambak River)
3. Sungai Salambigar (Salambigar River)
4. Sungai Orok (Orok River)
5. Sungai Hanching (Hanching River) (Fig. 4.2).
6. Sungai Tilong (Tilong River) and
7. Sungai in Kampong Tanah Jambu (Kampong Tanah Jambu River)
From Fig. 4.2, it shows the seven river’s is interconnected with the river mouth
of the Sungai Mangsalut. In 1978, it shows that there’s a huge catchment area of
swamp and forest swamp. Mangrove trees surround the Mangsalut River; prove by
referring to the map in Figs. 4.3a and 4.3b.
According to Stewart (1986a, b), Mangrove forest or best known as “Bakau” in
Malay dialect, best developed on extensive mud-flats or tidal mud-flats. The area
itself is surrounded by hilly area, which could explain the process of water run-off
and infiltration resulting the swampy area at the area (Stewart, 1986b).
The soil type around the area is peat swamp soil. This peat forms in wetland or
water logged conditions, where flooding obstructs flow of oxygen from the atmosphere, slowing rates of decomposition. The lower peat part of the soil is brackish
4 Impacts of Coastal Land Use Changes on Mangrove Wetlands at Sungai Mangsalut…
4.4 Characteristics of Sungai Mangsalut (Mangsalut River)
Sungai Mangsalut is located in the Brunei Area of the Country of Brunei. The
Stream is located at the latitude and longitude coordinates of 4.916667 and
114.933333. Fishing enthusiasts interested in fishing near or at Sungai Mangsalut.
This could be one of the best fishing or outdoors adventure locations in the regions
of Africa/Middle East. The fishing activities are also motivating and encouraging to
start commercial and entrepreneurship activities to the near coastal region in Sungai
Mangsalut Rivers. The young entrepreneur fishing and outdoor adventures are
enhanced by our social fishing website, so we ask that you share your experiences
with other fishing enthusiasts both young and old. Fishermen and Fisherwomen
should also submit a comment or report on Sungai Mangsalut to help out their fellow anglers. The fishing site also provides users the ability to easily track fishing
catches and experiences with exact GPS location on the body of water, create fishing groups to communication with your fishing buddies, find tackle shops fishing
schools and marines and port located near your fishing sites and last be not least
enter fishing contests to win fishing equipment and supplies.
The Mangsalut River is an estuary. Estuary is an area where freshwater river or
stream meets the ocean. The type of estuary is a coastal plain estuary, in the study
of classification of estuaries done by Oberrecht (ed.), it was formed at the end of the
last ice age. As ice melted and water warmed up, sea level rose. The rising sea level
swamped low-lying coastal river valleys. These valleys usually have a shallow depth
with gentle sloping bottoms. Their depth increases towards the river’s mouth
(Fig. 4.2).
The Sungai Mangsalut is interconnected to seven rivers in Brunei:
1. Sungai Antong (Antong River)
2. Sungai in Kampong Lambak (Kampong Lambak River)
3. Sungai Salambigar (Salambigar River)
4. Sungai Orok (Orok River)
5. Sungai Hanching (Hanching River) (Fig. 4.2).
6. Sungai Tilong (Tilong River) and
7. Sungai in Kampong Tanah Jambu (Kampong Tanah Jambu River)
From Fig. 4.2, it shows the seven river’s is interconnected with the river mouth
of the Sungai Mangsalut. In 1978, it shows that there’s a huge catchment area of
swamp and forest swamp. Mangrove trees surround the Mangsalut River; prove by
referring to the map in Figs. 4.3a and 4.3b.
According to Stewart (1986a, b), Mangrove forest or best known as “Bakau” in
Malay dialect, best developed on extensive mud-flats or tidal mud-flats. The area
itself is surrounded by hilly area, which could explain the process of water run-off
and infiltration resulting the swampy area at the area (Stewart, 1986b).
The soil type around the area is peat swamp soil. This peat forms in wetland or
water logged conditions, where flooding obstructs flow of oxygen from the atmosphere, slowing rates of decomposition. The lower peat part of the soil is brackish
4 Impacts of Coastal Land Use Changes on Mangrove Wetlands at Sungai Mangsalut…