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Fig. 3.15 Effects of the Wouri bridge rehabilitation on the neighboring mangrove ecosystems. (a)
Bending sand on mangrove forests; (b) road opened inside mangrove area; (c) installation of
equipment and live camps after mangrove area depletion; (d) extension of destruction and supply
of solid materials; (e) progress of Avicennia band damaging; (f) total drainage of soil and trees
which means mangrove disappearance
N. Din et al.