113
Fig. 3.12 (continued)
(Fig. 3.13). Tankers poured out liquid wastes collected from private cesspools along
the city directly in the mangrove areas between Youpwe and Bois Des Singes. The
Douala urban council lay a tax on this hazardous activity.
In the SW part of the town (Mambanda), a sawmill had poured for several
decades solid wastes into the mangrove forests and had taken advantage of the
progressive degradation of the forest to get a considerable free space. Many other
3 Impact of Urbanization on the Evolution of Mangrove Ecosystems…
Fig. 3.12 (continued)
(Fig. 3.13). Tankers poured out liquid wastes collected from private cesspools along
the city directly in the mangrove areas between Youpwe and Bois Des Singes. The
Douala urban council lay a tax on this hazardous activity.
In the SW part of the town (Mambanda), a sawmill had poured for several
decades solid wastes into the mangrove forests and had taken advantage of the
progressive degradation of the forest to get a considerable free space. Many other
3 Impact of Urbanization on the Evolution of Mangrove Ecosystems…