221
India
Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh,
Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Punjab,
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West
Bengal and Western Ghats.
Elsewhere
Afghanistan (southern), Bangladesh, Bhutan,
China, Iran (eastern), Myanmar, Nepal and
Pakistan. Sri Lana (introduced).
There is a small disjunct population in northern Oman at Wadi Jubaitha, 20 km east of
Mahdah (Theodore Papenfuss pers. comm.,
September 2008, vide IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species, 2012.2).
Its altitudinal range is from sea level to
4,500 m asl.
Habitat and Ecology
Found in a wide variety of habitats including
open plains, grasslands, scrubland, forest,
suitable agricultural land and human habitations. Breeds in permanent and seasonal pools,
seasonal streams and slow-flowing streams.
Adults hide under rocks and in crevices. It is a
very adaptable species that may be found in
houses.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List: Least Concern.
Threats
There are no major threats to this adaptable species. Localized threats over much of its range
include loss of habitat to infrastructure development; intensifi cation of agriculture; pollution of
wetlands and land by agrochemicals; traffi crelated mortality; and long-term drought.
Remarks
It is present in many protected areas and perhaps
occurs in three protected areas in Iran.
Family: Dicroglossidae Anderson, 1871
(Fork-Tongued Frogs)
Subfamily: Dicroglossinae Anderson, 1871
Genus: Euphlyctis Fitzinger, 1843
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis
(Schneider, 1799)
English Names
Cyan Five-Fingered Frog, Green Stream Frog,
Green Wart Frog, Indian Skipper Frog, Seistan
Skittering Frog, Skipper Frog, Skipping Frog,
Skittering Frog, Small-Spotted Frog, Spiny
Skittering Frog, Studded Frog, Water Skipper
Frog and Water Skipping Frog.
Diagnostic Characters
Adult
Tympanum distinct, nearly equal to eye diameter; fi ngers pointed, 1st and 4th equal to 2nd, 3rd
the longest, sub-articular and palmer tubercles
small; toes fully webbed, 4th the longest; inner
metatarsal tubercle short, pointed and digitiform;
skin with fi ne tubercles and warts and rows of
pores above (sometimes below also) and smooth
below; a strong fold between eye and shoulder.
Colouration: Olive/dark brownish, marbled or
dark spotted above with a creamy band on sides,
speckled with black below and two blackish
streaks on hinder side of thighs.
Sexual Dimorphism: Male smaller, with two
blackish slitlike openings of vocal sacs.
Size: 6.4 cm in snout to vent length, male
smaller.
Tadpole
Body stout with acutely pointed tail and dark
blotches above.
Distribution
Localities in Doon Valley
Eastern Doon Valley: Maldevta; Muni-ki-Reti and
Daudi, Rishikesh; Raipur road; Robber’s Cave; Song
River Raiwala and Rajaji National Park ( partim ).
Western Doon Valley: Asan Reservoir,
Seepage nala, Asan River above Kunja Grant
and below its barrage at Dhalipur, Asan River at
village Jhivaredi (Shimla road), Badowala and
Sahaspur; Kalsi; Kata Pathar, Lakhwar road;
Karvapani; Robber’s Cave (Guchhupani); Puni
Grant nr. Timli and Timli Forest.
13 Amphibians of Doon Valley
India
Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh,
Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Punjab,
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West
Bengal and Western Ghats.
Elsewhere
Afghanistan (southern), Bangladesh, Bhutan,
China, Iran (eastern), Myanmar, Nepal and
Pakistan. Sri Lana (introduced).
There is a small disjunct population in northern Oman at Wadi Jubaitha, 20 km east of
Mahdah (Theodore Papenfuss pers. comm.,
September 2008, vide IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species, 2012.2).
Its altitudinal range is from sea level to
4,500 m asl.
Habitat and Ecology
Found in a wide variety of habitats including
open plains, grasslands, scrubland, forest,
suitable agricultural land and human habitations. Breeds in permanent and seasonal pools,
seasonal streams and slow-flowing streams.
Adults hide under rocks and in crevices. It is a
very adaptable species that may be found in
houses.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List: Least Concern.
Threats
There are no major threats to this adaptable species. Localized threats over much of its range
include loss of habitat to infrastructure development; intensifi cation of agriculture; pollution of
wetlands and land by agrochemicals; traffi crelated mortality; and long-term drought.
Remarks
It is present in many protected areas and perhaps
occurs in three protected areas in Iran.
Family: Dicroglossidae Anderson, 1871
(Fork-Tongued Frogs)
Subfamily: Dicroglossinae Anderson, 1871
Genus: Euphlyctis Fitzinger, 1843
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis
(Schneider, 1799)
English Names
Cyan Five-Fingered Frog, Green Stream Frog,
Green Wart Frog, Indian Skipper Frog, Seistan
Skittering Frog, Skipper Frog, Skipping Frog,
Skittering Frog, Small-Spotted Frog, Spiny
Skittering Frog, Studded Frog, Water Skipper
Frog and Water Skipping Frog.
Diagnostic Characters
Adult
Tympanum distinct, nearly equal to eye diameter; fi ngers pointed, 1st and 4th equal to 2nd, 3rd
the longest, sub-articular and palmer tubercles
small; toes fully webbed, 4th the longest; inner
metatarsal tubercle short, pointed and digitiform;
skin with fi ne tubercles and warts and rows of
pores above (sometimes below also) and smooth
below; a strong fold between eye and shoulder.
Colouration: Olive/dark brownish, marbled or
dark spotted above with a creamy band on sides,
speckled with black below and two blackish
streaks on hinder side of thighs.
Sexual Dimorphism: Male smaller, with two
blackish slitlike openings of vocal sacs.
Size: 6.4 cm in snout to vent length, male
smaller.
Tadpole
Body stout with acutely pointed tail and dark
blotches above.
Distribution
Localities in Doon Valley
Eastern Doon Valley: Maldevta; Muni-ki-Reti and
Daudi, Rishikesh; Raipur road; Robber’s Cave; Song
River Raiwala and Rajaji National Park ( partim ).
Western Doon Valley: Asan Reservoir,
Seepage nala, Asan River above Kunja Grant
and below its barrage at Dhalipur, Asan River at
village Jhivaredi (Shimla road), Badowala and
Sahaspur; Kalsi; Kata Pathar, Lakhwar road;
Karvapani; Robber’s Cave (Guchhupani); Puni
Grant nr. Timli and Timli Forest.
13 Amphibians of Doon Valley