219
Bufo gymnauchen Bleeker, 1858. Nat. tijdschr.
Nedrel. Ind ., 16: 46 (type-locality: Indischen
archipel, corrected to Bintang).
Bufo spinipes Fitzinger, 1861. Sitz. Akad. Wien .,
42: 415.
Docidophryne isos Fitzinger, 1861 (1860).
Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Phys. Math.
Naturwiss, Kl ., 42: 415.
Docidophryne spinipes Fitzinger, 1861 (1860).
Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Phys. Math.
Naturwiss, Kl ., 42: 415 (type-locality:
Nicobaren). Nomen nudem .
Phrynoidis melanostictus Cope, 1862. Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia , 14: 358.
Bufo spinipes Steindachner, 1867. Reise
Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool.,
Amph .: 42 (type-locality: Nikobaren).
Bufo longecristatus Werner, 1903. Zool. Anz ., 26:
252 (type-locality: inneres von Borneo).
Bufo tienhoensis Bourret, 1937. Annexe Bull.
Gen. Instr. Publique, Hanoi , 1937: 6, 11 (typelocality: col de Tien-Ho, Viet Nam).
Docidophryne melanostictus Bourret, 1942. Batr.
Indochine : 173.
Bufo camortensis Mansukhani & Sarkar, 1980.
Bull. Zool. Surv. India , 3: 97 (type-locality:
Camorta, Andaman & Nicobar Islands).
Ansonia kamblei Ravichandran & Pillai, 1990.
Rec. zool. Surv. India , 86: 506 (Karnala, Dist.
Sholapur, Maharashtra)
Bufo melanostictus hazarensis Khan, 2001.
Pakistan J. Zool ., 33: 297 (type-localities:
Ooghi, Manshera and Data, Hazara Division,
eastern NWFP, Pakistan)
Bufo melanostictus melanostictus Khan, 2001.
Pakistan J. Zool ., 33: 297.
Duttaphrynus melanostictus Frost, Grant,
Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sa,
Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy,
Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum,
Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006. Bull. Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist ., 297: 365.
Duttaphrynus = Bufo melanostictus Bahuguna &
Bhutia, 2010. Amphibia. In: Faun. Uttarakhand,
State Fauna Series , 18(1): 507-508
English Names
Asian Black-Spotted Toad, Asian Common Toad,
Asian Eye-Brow-Ridge Toad, Asian Toad, BlackLipped Toad, Black-Spectacled Toad, BlackSpined Toad, Common Asian Toad, Common
Indian Toad, Common Sunda Toad, Common
Toad, Hazara Toad, House Toad, Indian Toad,
Javanese Toad, Keeled-Nose Toad, Maharashtra
Stream Toad, Reticulated Toad, South Asian
Garden Toad, Southeast Asian Broad-Skulled
Toad, Southeast Asian Toad and Spectacled Toad.
Diagnostic Characters
Adult
Head with bony ridges; tympanum distinct, equal
or smaller than eye; tongue entire; parotid glands
elevated; 1st fi nger longer than 2nd (in younger
individuals 1st and 2nd almost equal in length),
3rd the longest, 2nd slightly shorter than 4th,
metatarsal tubercle spiny and intermingled with
spiny warts; toes less than ½ webbed, three digital phalanges of 4th free of webbing, 1st smallest
and 4th the longest, 3rd longer than 5th; metatarsals distinct, outer oval, inner elongated and projecting; sub-articular tubercles small; skin rough
with spiny warts, tips of glands tubercular, sometimes with black spines. Juveniles lack warts and
have very inconspicuous tympanum.
Colouration: Brownish above and whitish or
immaculate below or more or less black spotted
or with a network of brown, sometimes limbs
crossbarred. In juveniles, throat has a blackish
band between chin and breast.
Sexual Dimorphism: Male smaller than
female with a sub-gular vocal sac, black callosities or nuptial pads of fi rst two (two inner) fi ngers
cornifi ed and covered with black spinules, tips of
digits covered with black caps and turn yellowishgreen with throat enriched in colour (often of
bright yellow-orange hues) during the breeding
season in monsoon.
Size: 16.5 cm in length from snout to vent.
Tadpole
Tail with broadly rounded tip, colour usually blackish
above, translucent pink on lower half of belly.
Distribution
Localities in Doon Valley
Eastern Doon Valley: Rajaji National Park ( partim ).
13 Amphibians of Doon Valley
Bufo gymnauchen Bleeker, 1858. Nat. tijdschr.
Nedrel. Ind ., 16: 46 (type-locality: Indischen
archipel, corrected to Bintang).
Bufo spinipes Fitzinger, 1861. Sitz. Akad. Wien .,
42: 415.
Docidophryne isos Fitzinger, 1861 (1860).
Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Phys. Math.
Naturwiss, Kl ., 42: 415.
Docidophryne spinipes Fitzinger, 1861 (1860).
Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Phys. Math.
Naturwiss, Kl ., 42: 415 (type-locality:
Nicobaren). Nomen nudem .
Phrynoidis melanostictus Cope, 1862. Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia , 14: 358.
Bufo spinipes Steindachner, 1867. Reise
Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool.,
Amph .: 42 (type-locality: Nikobaren).
Bufo longecristatus Werner, 1903. Zool. Anz ., 26:
252 (type-locality: inneres von Borneo).
Bufo tienhoensis Bourret, 1937. Annexe Bull.
Gen. Instr. Publique, Hanoi , 1937: 6, 11 (typelocality: col de Tien-Ho, Viet Nam).
Docidophryne melanostictus Bourret, 1942. Batr.
Indochine : 173.
Bufo camortensis Mansukhani & Sarkar, 1980.
Bull. Zool. Surv. India , 3: 97 (type-locality:
Camorta, Andaman & Nicobar Islands).
Ansonia kamblei Ravichandran & Pillai, 1990.
Rec. zool. Surv. India , 86: 506 (Karnala, Dist.
Sholapur, Maharashtra)
Bufo melanostictus hazarensis Khan, 2001.
Pakistan J. Zool ., 33: 297 (type-localities:
Ooghi, Manshera and Data, Hazara Division,
eastern NWFP, Pakistan)
Bufo melanostictus melanostictus Khan, 2001.
Pakistan J. Zool ., 33: 297.
Duttaphrynus melanostictus Frost, Grant,
Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sa,
Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy,
Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum,
Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006. Bull. Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist ., 297: 365.
Duttaphrynus = Bufo melanostictus Bahuguna &
Bhutia, 2010. Amphibia. In: Faun. Uttarakhand,
State Fauna Series , 18(1): 507-508
English Names
Asian Black-Spotted Toad, Asian Common Toad,
Asian Eye-Brow-Ridge Toad, Asian Toad, BlackLipped Toad, Black-Spectacled Toad, BlackSpined Toad, Common Asian Toad, Common
Indian Toad, Common Sunda Toad, Common
Toad, Hazara Toad, House Toad, Indian Toad,
Javanese Toad, Keeled-Nose Toad, Maharashtra
Stream Toad, Reticulated Toad, South Asian
Garden Toad, Southeast Asian Broad-Skulled
Toad, Southeast Asian Toad and Spectacled Toad.
Diagnostic Characters
Adult
Head with bony ridges; tympanum distinct, equal
or smaller than eye; tongue entire; parotid glands
elevated; 1st fi nger longer than 2nd (in younger
individuals 1st and 2nd almost equal in length),
3rd the longest, 2nd slightly shorter than 4th,
metatarsal tubercle spiny and intermingled with
spiny warts; toes less than ½ webbed, three digital phalanges of 4th free of webbing, 1st smallest
and 4th the longest, 3rd longer than 5th; metatarsals distinct, outer oval, inner elongated and projecting; sub-articular tubercles small; skin rough
with spiny warts, tips of glands tubercular, sometimes with black spines. Juveniles lack warts and
have very inconspicuous tympanum.
Colouration: Brownish above and whitish or
immaculate below or more or less black spotted
or with a network of brown, sometimes limbs
crossbarred. In juveniles, throat has a blackish
band between chin and breast.
Sexual Dimorphism: Male smaller than
female with a sub-gular vocal sac, black callosities or nuptial pads of fi rst two (two inner) fi ngers
cornifi ed and covered with black spinules, tips of
digits covered with black caps and turn yellowishgreen with throat enriched in colour (often of
bright yellow-orange hues) during the breeding
season in monsoon.
Size: 16.5 cm in length from snout to vent.
Tadpole
Tail with broadly rounded tip, colour usually blackish
above, translucent pink on lower half of belly.
Distribution
Localities in Doon Valley
Eastern Doon Valley: Rajaji National Park ( partim ).
13 Amphibians of Doon Valley