408
H. Ziegler
toes on CAM hosts). However, since this pattern appears to be rather
general, there may be the same process responsible for all cases.
Acknowledgments. For cooperation in mass spectrometric analyses I thank W. Stichler
and P. Trimborn, Hydrologisches Institut der GSF-Forschungszentrum fUr Umwelt und
Gesundheit. For help in collecting and identification of the plant material I am indebted
to many colleagues (names in the publications on mistletoes), especially to O.L. Lange,
E.-D. Schulze, J. Visser (+), and M. Kluge. The work was supported by the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft and by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, FRG.
References
Bokhoven C, Theeuwen HHJ (1956) Deuterium content of some natural organic substances. Ned Akad Wet B 59: 78-83
Bonhoeffer KA (1934) Deuterium-Austausch in organischen Verbindungen. Z Elektrochem
40: 469-474
Craig H (1961) Isotopic variations in meteoric waters. Science 133: 1702-1703
Ehleringer JR, Schulze E-D, Ziegler H, Lange OL, Farquhar GD, Cowan IR (1985)
Xylem-tapping mistletoes: water or nutrient parasites? Science 227: 1479-1481
Estep MF, Hoering TC (1981) Stable hydrogen isotope fractionation during autotrophic
and mixotrophic growth of microalgae. Plant Physiol 67: 474-477
Kollmann R, Dorr I (1987) Parasitische Bliitenpflanzen. Naturwissenschaften 74: 12-21
Marshall JD, Ehleringer JR (1990) Are xylem tapping mistletoes partially heterotrophic?
Oecologia 84: 244-248
Osmond CB, Ziegler H, Stichler W, Trimborn H (1975) Carbon isotope discrimination in
alpine succulent plants supposed to be capable of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
(CAM). Oecologia 28: 323-328
Schiegl W-G (1970) Natural deuterium in biogenic materials. Influence of environment
and geophysical applications. PhD Thesis, University of South Africa, Pretoria
Schulze E-D, Lange OL, Ziegler H, Gebauer G (1991) Carbon and nitrogen isotope
ratios of mistletoes growing on nitrogen and non-nitrogen fixing hosts and on CAM
plants in the Namib desert confirm partial heterotrophy. Oecologia 88: 457-462
Smith BN, Epstein S (1970) Biogeochemistry of the stable isotopes of hydrogen and
carbon in salt marsh biota. Plant Physiol 46: 738-742
Smith BN, Ziegler H (1990) Isotopic fractionation of hydrogen in plants. Bot Acta 103:
335-342
Ullmann I, Lange OL, Ziegler H, Ehleringer J, Schulze E-D, Cowan IR (1985) Diurnal
courses of leaf conductance and transpiration of mistletoes and their hosts in Central
Australia. Oecologia 67: 577-587
Urey HC (1932) The relative abundance of hydrogen isotopes in natural hydrogen. Phys
Rev 40: 889
Washburn EW, Smith ER (1934) An examination of water from various natural sources
for variation in isotope composition. J Res Nat Bur Stds 12: 305-311
Ziegler H (1955) Lathraea, ein Blutungssaftschmarotzer. Ber Dtsch Bot Ges 68: 311-318
Ziegler H (1986) Control of photosynthesis by variation of diffusion resistance in mistletoes and their hosts. In: Marcelle R, Clijstra H, Van Poucke M (eds) Biological
control of photosynthesis. Nijhoff, Dordrecht, pp 171-185
Ziegler H (1988) Hydrogen isotope fractionation in plant tissues. In: Rundel PW, Ehleringer
JR, Nagy KA (eds) Stable isotopes in ecological research. Ecological studies 68.
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 105-123
H. Ziegler
toes on CAM hosts). However, since this pattern appears to be rather
general, there may be the same process responsible for all cases.
Acknowledgments. For cooperation in mass spectrometric analyses I thank W. Stichler
and P. Trimborn, Hydrologisches Institut der GSF-Forschungszentrum fUr Umwelt und
Gesundheit. For help in collecting and identification of the plant material I am indebted
to many colleagues (names in the publications on mistletoes), especially to O.L. Lange,
E.-D. Schulze, J. Visser (+), and M. Kluge. The work was supported by the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft and by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, FRG.
References
Bokhoven C, Theeuwen HHJ (1956) Deuterium content of some natural organic substances. Ned Akad Wet B 59: 78-83
Bonhoeffer KA (1934) Deuterium-Austausch in organischen Verbindungen. Z Elektrochem
40: 469-474
Craig H (1961) Isotopic variations in meteoric waters. Science 133: 1702-1703
Ehleringer JR, Schulze E-D, Ziegler H, Lange OL, Farquhar GD, Cowan IR (1985)
Xylem-tapping mistletoes: water or nutrient parasites? Science 227: 1479-1481
Estep MF, Hoering TC (1981) Stable hydrogen isotope fractionation during autotrophic
and mixotrophic growth of microalgae. Plant Physiol 67: 474-477
Kollmann R, Dorr I (1987) Parasitische Bliitenpflanzen. Naturwissenschaften 74: 12-21
Marshall JD, Ehleringer JR (1990) Are xylem tapping mistletoes partially heterotrophic?
Oecologia 84: 244-248
Osmond CB, Ziegler H, Stichler W, Trimborn H (1975) Carbon isotope discrimination in
alpine succulent plants supposed to be capable of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
(CAM). Oecologia 28: 323-328
Schiegl W-G (1970) Natural deuterium in biogenic materials. Influence of environment
and geophysical applications. PhD Thesis, University of South Africa, Pretoria
Schulze E-D, Lange OL, Ziegler H, Gebauer G (1991) Carbon and nitrogen isotope
ratios of mistletoes growing on nitrogen and non-nitrogen fixing hosts and on CAM
plants in the Namib desert confirm partial heterotrophy. Oecologia 88: 457-462
Smith BN, Epstein S (1970) Biogeochemistry of the stable isotopes of hydrogen and
carbon in salt marsh biota. Plant Physiol 46: 738-742
Smith BN, Ziegler H (1990) Isotopic fractionation of hydrogen in plants. Bot Acta 103:
335-342
Ullmann I, Lange OL, Ziegler H, Ehleringer J, Schulze E-D, Cowan IR (1985) Diurnal
courses of leaf conductance and transpiration of mistletoes and their hosts in Central
Australia. Oecologia 67: 577-587
Urey HC (1932) The relative abundance of hydrogen isotopes in natural hydrogen. Phys
Rev 40: 889
Washburn EW, Smith ER (1934) An examination of water from various natural sources
for variation in isotope composition. J Res Nat Bur Stds 12: 305-311
Ziegler H (1955) Lathraea, ein Blutungssaftschmarotzer. Ber Dtsch Bot Ges 68: 311-318
Ziegler H (1986) Control of photosynthesis by variation of diffusion resistance in mistletoes and their hosts. In: Marcelle R, Clijstra H, Van Poucke M (eds) Biological
control of photosynthesis. Nijhoff, Dordrecht, pp 171-185
Ziegler H (1988) Hydrogen isotope fractionation in plant tissues. In: Rundel PW, Ehleringer
JR, Nagy KA (eds) Stable isotopes in ecological research. Ecological studies 68.
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 105-123