Variation in Gas Exchange Characteristics Among Desert Plants
391
Rundel PW, Sharifi MR (1993) Carbon isotope discrimination and resource availability in
the desert shrub, Larrea tridentata. In: Ehleringer JR, Hall AE, Farquhar GD (eds)
Stable isotopes and plant carbon/water relations. Academic Press, San Diego (in press)
Sala OE, Lauenroth WK (1982) Small rainfall events: an ecological role in semiarid
regions. Oecologia 53: 301-304
Schaffer WM, Gadgil MD (1975) Selection for optimal life histories in plants. In: Cody
ML, Diamond JM (eds) Ecology and evolution of communities. Harvard University
Press, Cambridge, pp 142-157
Schulze E-D (1982) Plant life forms and their carbon, water, and nutirent relations. In:
Lange OL, Nobel PS, Osmond CB, Ziegler H (eds) Plant physiological ecology II:
Encyclopaedia of plant physiology New Series, vol 12B. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
New York, pp 615-676
Schuster WSF, Sandquist DR, Phillips SL, Ehleringer JR (1992) Comparisons of carbon
isotope discrimination in popUlations of aridland plant species differing in lifespan.
Oecologia 91: 332-337
Seemann JR, Field CB, Berry JA (1980) Photosynthetic capacity of desert winter annuals
measured in situ. Carnegie Inst Wash Year Book: 146-147
Shmida A, Burgess TL (1988) Plant growth-form strategies and vegetation types in arid
environments. In: Werger MJA (ed) Vegetation structure. SPB Academic Publ, The
Hague, pp 1-31
Shreve F (1911) The influence of low temperature on the distribution of giant cactus.
Plant World 14: 136-146
Shreve FS (1934) Vegetation of the northwestern coast of Mexico. Bull Torrey Bot Club
61: 373-380
Shreve F (1942) The desert vegetation of North America: the Bot Rev 8: 195-246
Shreve F, Wiggins I (1964) Vegetation and flora of the Sonoran Desert. Stanford University Press, Stanford
Smedley MP, Dawson TE, Comstock JP, Donovan LA, Sherrill DE, Cook CS, Ehleringer
JR (1991) Seasonal carbon isotopic discrimination in a grassland community. Oecologia
85: 314-320
Smith SD, Nobel PS (1986) Deserts. In: Baker NR, Long SP (eds) Photosynthesis in
contrasting environments. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 13-62
Smith SD, Nowak RS (1990) Ecophysiology of plants in the intermountain lowlands. In:
Osmond CB, Pitelka LF, Hidy GM (eds) Plant biology of the basin and range.
Ecological studies series 80. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 179-241
Smith SD, Osmond CB (1987) Stem photosynthesis in a desert ephemeral, Eriogonum
inflatum: morphology, stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency in field populations. Oecologia 72: 533-541
Stowe LG, Teeri JA (1978) The geographic distribution of C4 species of the Dicotyledonae
in relation to climate. Am Nat 112: 609-623
Teeri JA, Stowe LG (1976) Climatic patterns and the distribution of C4 grasses in North
America. Oecologia 23: 1-12
Teeri JA, Stowe LG, Murawski DA (1978) The climatology of two succulent plant
families: Cactaceae and Crassulaceae. Can J Bot 56: 1750-1758
Thom HCS (1958) A note on the gamma distribution. Monthly Weather Rev 86: 117-122
Troughton JH, Mooney HA, Berry JA, Verity D (1977) Variable carbon isotope ratios of
Dudleya species growing in natural environments. Oecologia 30: 307-311
Tyree MT, Sperry JS (1989) Vulnerability of xylem to cavitation and embolism. Annu
Rev Plant Physiol Mol Bioi 40: 19-38
Valentini R, Scarascia Mugnozza GE, Ehleringer JR (1992) Hydrogen and carbon isotope
ratios of selected species of a mediterranean macchia ecosystem. Funct Ecol6: 627-631
Vogel JC (1980) Fractionation of the carbon isotopes during photosynthesis. In:
Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematischnaturwissenschaftliche Klass Jahrang 1980, 3. Abhandlung. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
New York, pp 111-135
Walker CD, Sinclair R (1992) Soil salinity is correlated with a decline in 13C discrimination
in leaves of Atriplex species. Aust J Ecol 17: 83-88
391
Rundel PW, Sharifi MR (1993) Carbon isotope discrimination and resource availability in
the desert shrub, Larrea tridentata. In: Ehleringer JR, Hall AE, Farquhar GD (eds)
Stable isotopes and plant carbon/water relations. Academic Press, San Diego (in press)
Sala OE, Lauenroth WK (1982) Small rainfall events: an ecological role in semiarid
regions. Oecologia 53: 301-304
Schaffer WM, Gadgil MD (1975) Selection for optimal life histories in plants. In: Cody
ML, Diamond JM (eds) Ecology and evolution of communities. Harvard University
Press, Cambridge, pp 142-157
Schulze E-D (1982) Plant life forms and their carbon, water, and nutirent relations. In:
Lange OL, Nobel PS, Osmond CB, Ziegler H (eds) Plant physiological ecology II:
Encyclopaedia of plant physiology New Series, vol 12B. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
New York, pp 615-676
Schuster WSF, Sandquist DR, Phillips SL, Ehleringer JR (1992) Comparisons of carbon
isotope discrimination in popUlations of aridland plant species differing in lifespan.
Oecologia 91: 332-337
Seemann JR, Field CB, Berry JA (1980) Photosynthetic capacity of desert winter annuals
measured in situ. Carnegie Inst Wash Year Book: 146-147
Shmida A, Burgess TL (1988) Plant growth-form strategies and vegetation types in arid
environments. In: Werger MJA (ed) Vegetation structure. SPB Academic Publ, The
Hague, pp 1-31
Shreve F (1911) The influence of low temperature on the distribution of giant cactus.
Plant World 14: 136-146
Shreve FS (1934) Vegetation of the northwestern coast of Mexico. Bull Torrey Bot Club
61: 373-380
Shreve F (1942) The desert vegetation of North America: the Bot Rev 8: 195-246
Shreve F, Wiggins I (1964) Vegetation and flora of the Sonoran Desert. Stanford University Press, Stanford
Smedley MP, Dawson TE, Comstock JP, Donovan LA, Sherrill DE, Cook CS, Ehleringer
JR (1991) Seasonal carbon isotopic discrimination in a grassland community. Oecologia
85: 314-320
Smith SD, Nobel PS (1986) Deserts. In: Baker NR, Long SP (eds) Photosynthesis in
contrasting environments. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 13-62
Smith SD, Nowak RS (1990) Ecophysiology of plants in the intermountain lowlands. In:
Osmond CB, Pitelka LF, Hidy GM (eds) Plant biology of the basin and range.
Ecological studies series 80. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 179-241
Smith SD, Osmond CB (1987) Stem photosynthesis in a desert ephemeral, Eriogonum
inflatum: morphology, stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency in field populations. Oecologia 72: 533-541
Stowe LG, Teeri JA (1978) The geographic distribution of C4 species of the Dicotyledonae
in relation to climate. Am Nat 112: 609-623
Teeri JA, Stowe LG (1976) Climatic patterns and the distribution of C4 grasses in North
America. Oecologia 23: 1-12
Teeri JA, Stowe LG, Murawski DA (1978) The climatology of two succulent plant
families: Cactaceae and Crassulaceae. Can J Bot 56: 1750-1758
Thom HCS (1958) A note on the gamma distribution. Monthly Weather Rev 86: 117-122
Troughton JH, Mooney HA, Berry JA, Verity D (1977) Variable carbon isotope ratios of
Dudleya species growing in natural environments. Oecologia 30: 307-311
Tyree MT, Sperry JS (1989) Vulnerability of xylem to cavitation and embolism. Annu
Rev Plant Physiol Mol Bioi 40: 19-38
Valentini R, Scarascia Mugnozza GE, Ehleringer JR (1992) Hydrogen and carbon isotope
ratios of selected species of a mediterranean macchia ecosystem. Funct Ecol6: 627-631
Vogel JC (1980) Fractionation of the carbon isotopes during photosynthesis. In:
Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematischnaturwissenschaftliche Klass Jahrang 1980, 3. Abhandlung. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
New York, pp 111-135
Walker CD, Sinclair R (1992) Soil salinity is correlated with a decline in 13C discrimination
in leaves of Atriplex species. Aust J Ecol 17: 83-88