Variation in Gas Exchange Characteristics Among Desert Plants
389
Ehleringer JR, Sage RF, Flanagan LB, Pearcy RW (1991b) Climate change and the
evolution of C4 photosynthesis. Trends Ecol Evol 6: 95-99
Ehleringer JR, Phillips SL, Comstock JP (1992) Seasonal variation in the carbon isotopic
composition of desert plants. Funct Ecol 6: 396-404
Ehleringer JR, Hall AE, Farquhar GD (eds) (1993) Stable isotopes and plant carboni
water relations. Academic Press, San Diego
Evanari M, Schulze E-D, Lange OL, Kappen L, Buschbom U (1976) Plant production in
arid and semi-arid areas. In: Lange OL, Kappen L, Schulze E-D (eds) Water and plant
life. Ecological Studies Series. Springer Berling Heidelberg New York, pp 439-451
Evans JR (1989) Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3 plants.
Oecologia 78: 9-19
Evans JR, Sharkey TD, Berry JA, Farquhar GD (1986) Carbon isotope discrimination
measured concurrently with gas-exchange to investigate CO2 diffusion in leaves of
higher plants. Aust J Plant Physiol 13: 281-292
Farquhar GD (1983) On the nature of carbon isotope discrimination in C4 species. Aust J
Plant Physiol 10: 205-226
Farquhar GD, O'Leary MH, Berry JA (1982) On the relationship between carbon isotope
discrimination and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in leaves. Aust J Plant
Physiol 9: 121-137
Farquhar GD, Ehleringer JR, Hubick KT (1989) Carbon isotope discrimination and
photosynthesis. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 40: 503-537
Field CB (1983) Allocating leaf nitrogen for the maximization of carbon gain: leaf age as
a control on the allocation program. Oecologia 56: 341-347
Field CB, Mooney HA (1986) The photosynthesis-nitrogen relationship in wild plants. In:
Givnish TJ (ed) On the economy of plant form and function. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, pp 25-55
Field CB, Merino J, Mooney HA (1983) Compromises between water-use efficiency and
nitrogen-use efficiency in five species of California evergreens. Oecologia 60: 384-389
Flanagan LB, Ehleringer, JR, Marshall JD (1992) Differential uptake of summer precipitation and groundwater among co-occurring trees and shrubs in the southwestern
United States. Plant Cell Environ 15: 831-836
Goudie A, Wilkinson J (1980) The warm desert environment. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge
Hastings JR (1965) On some uses of non-normal coefficients of variation. J Appl Meteorol
4: 475-478
Hastings JR, Turner RM (1965a) Seasonal precipitation regimes in Baja California,
Mexico. Geog Ann 47: 204-223
Hastings JR, Turner RM (1965b) the changing mile: an ecological study of vegetation
change with time in the lower mile of an arid and semi-arid region. University of
Arizona Press, Tucson
Hatch MD, Osmond CB (1976) Compartmentation and transport in C4 photosynthesis.
In: Stocking CR, Heber U (eds) Encyclopedia of plant physiology New Series, vol 3.
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 144-184
Henderson SA, von Caemmerer S, Farquhar GD (1992) Short-term measurements of
carbon isotope discrimination in several C4 species. Aust J Plant physiol 19: 263-285
Hershfield DM (1962) A note on the variability of annual precipitation. J Appl Meteorol
1: 575-578
Hinds WT, Rotenberry J (1979) Relationship between mean and extreme temperatures in
diverse microclimates. Ecology 60: 1073-1075
Hubick KT, Hammer GL, Farquhar GD, Wade LJ, von Caemmerer S, Henderson SA
(1989) Carbon isotope discrimination varies genetically in C4 species. Plant Physiol 91:
534-537
Jenkins CLD, Furbank RT, Hatch MD (1989) Mechanism of C4 photosynthesis - a model
describing the inorganic carbon pool in bundle-sheath cells. Plant Physiol 91: 13721381
Lange OL, Zuber M (1977) Frerea indica, a stem succulent CAM plant with deciduous C 3
leaves. Oecologia 31: 67-72
389
Ehleringer JR, Sage RF, Flanagan LB, Pearcy RW (1991b) Climate change and the
evolution of C4 photosynthesis. Trends Ecol Evol 6: 95-99
Ehleringer JR, Phillips SL, Comstock JP (1992) Seasonal variation in the carbon isotopic
composition of desert plants. Funct Ecol 6: 396-404
Ehleringer JR, Hall AE, Farquhar GD (eds) (1993) Stable isotopes and plant carboni
water relations. Academic Press, San Diego
Evanari M, Schulze E-D, Lange OL, Kappen L, Buschbom U (1976) Plant production in
arid and semi-arid areas. In: Lange OL, Kappen L, Schulze E-D (eds) Water and plant
life. Ecological Studies Series. Springer Berling Heidelberg New York, pp 439-451
Evans JR (1989) Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3 plants.
Oecologia 78: 9-19
Evans JR, Sharkey TD, Berry JA, Farquhar GD (1986) Carbon isotope discrimination
measured concurrently with gas-exchange to investigate CO2 diffusion in leaves of
higher plants. Aust J Plant Physiol 13: 281-292
Farquhar GD (1983) On the nature of carbon isotope discrimination in C4 species. Aust J
Plant Physiol 10: 205-226
Farquhar GD, O'Leary MH, Berry JA (1982) On the relationship between carbon isotope
discrimination and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in leaves. Aust J Plant
Physiol 9: 121-137
Farquhar GD, Ehleringer JR, Hubick KT (1989) Carbon isotope discrimination and
photosynthesis. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 40: 503-537
Field CB (1983) Allocating leaf nitrogen for the maximization of carbon gain: leaf age as
a control on the allocation program. Oecologia 56: 341-347
Field CB, Mooney HA (1986) The photosynthesis-nitrogen relationship in wild plants. In:
Givnish TJ (ed) On the economy of plant form and function. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, pp 25-55
Field CB, Merino J, Mooney HA (1983) Compromises between water-use efficiency and
nitrogen-use efficiency in five species of California evergreens. Oecologia 60: 384-389
Flanagan LB, Ehleringer, JR, Marshall JD (1992) Differential uptake of summer precipitation and groundwater among co-occurring trees and shrubs in the southwestern
United States. Plant Cell Environ 15: 831-836
Goudie A, Wilkinson J (1980) The warm desert environment. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge
Hastings JR (1965) On some uses of non-normal coefficients of variation. J Appl Meteorol
4: 475-478
Hastings JR, Turner RM (1965a) Seasonal precipitation regimes in Baja California,
Mexico. Geog Ann 47: 204-223
Hastings JR, Turner RM (1965b) the changing mile: an ecological study of vegetation
change with time in the lower mile of an arid and semi-arid region. University of
Arizona Press, Tucson
Hatch MD, Osmond CB (1976) Compartmentation and transport in C4 photosynthesis.
In: Stocking CR, Heber U (eds) Encyclopedia of plant physiology New Series, vol 3.
Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 144-184
Henderson SA, von Caemmerer S, Farquhar GD (1992) Short-term measurements of
carbon isotope discrimination in several C4 species. Aust J Plant physiol 19: 263-285
Hershfield DM (1962) A note on the variability of annual precipitation. J Appl Meteorol
1: 575-578
Hinds WT, Rotenberry J (1979) Relationship between mean and extreme temperatures in
diverse microclimates. Ecology 60: 1073-1075
Hubick KT, Hammer GL, Farquhar GD, Wade LJ, von Caemmerer S, Henderson SA
(1989) Carbon isotope discrimination varies genetically in C4 species. Plant Physiol 91:
534-537
Jenkins CLD, Furbank RT, Hatch MD (1989) Mechanism of C4 photosynthesis - a model
describing the inorganic carbon pool in bundle-sheath cells. Plant Physiol 91: 13721381
Lange OL, Zuber M (1977) Frerea indica, a stem succulent CAM plant with deciduous C 3
leaves. Oecologia 31: 67-72