68
P.A. Whigham . G.ß. Fogel
Fogel DB, Foge! GB (1995) Additionally, models that incorporate spatial and temporal
information, and those based on populations of individuals, are difficult to formulate
or express. Evolutionary Prograrnming IV: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual
Conference on Evolutionary Prograrnming. 1. R. McDonnell, R. G. Reynolds and D.
B. Foge!, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA: 565-577
Fogel DB, Fogel GB (1997) On the instability of evolutionary stable strategies.
BioSystems 44: 135-152
Foge! GB, Andrews PC (1998) On the instability of evolutionary stable strategies in small
populations. Ecol. Modelling 109: 283-294
Fogel LJ (1962) Autonomous Automata. Industrial Research 4: 14-19
Fogel LJ, Owens AJ (1966) Aritificial Intelligence Through Simulated Evolution. New
York, John Wiley
FOITest S, Jones T (1994) Modeling complex adaptive systems with Echo. Complex
Systems: Mechanisms of Adaptation. R. J. Stonier and X. H. Yu. Amsterdam, lOS
Press: 3-21
Fox AD, Jones TA (1994) Food supply and the effects of recreational disturbance on the
abundance and distribution of wintering Pochard on a gravel pit complex in southern
Britain. Hydrobiologia 279/280: 253-261
Fraser A (1957) Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatie Digital Computers 1.
Introduction. Australian J. of Biol. Sci. 10: 484-491
Fraser A (1962) Optirnization through Evolution and Recombination. Self-organizing
Systems. M.C.Yovits, G. T. Jacobi and G. D. Goldstine. Washington DC, Spartan
Books: 93-106
Frey PW, Slate DJ (1991) Letter recognition using Holland-style adaptive classifiers.
Machine Learning 6(2): 161-182
Friedberg RM (1958) A Learning Machine: Part 1. IBM J. of Research and Development 2:
2-13
Friedberg RM (1959) A Learning Machine: Part II. IBM J. of Research and Development
3(3): 282-287
Gillman M, Hails R (1997) An Introduction to Ecological Modelling: Putting Practice into
Theory. Oxford, Blackwell Science Ltd
Grefenstette JJ (1988) Credit assignment in rule discovery systems based on genetic
algorithms. Machine Learning 3(2,3): 225-245
Hartviggsen G, Starmer WT (1995) Plant-herbivore coevolution in a spatially and
genetically explicit model. Artificial Life 2: 239-258
Hassel MP, Cornins HN (1976) Discrete time models for two-species competition.
Theoretical Population Biology 9: 202-221
Haynes T, Sen S (1996) Evolving Behaviour Strategies in Predators and Prey. Adaption
and Learning in Multiagent Systems. G. Weis and S. Sen. Berlin, Springer Verlag
Haynes T, Wainwright R (1995) Strongly Typed Genetic Prograrnming in Evolving
Cooperation Strategies. Proceedings of the Sixth International conference on Genetic
Algorithms. L. J. Eshelman: 271-278
Holland JH (1969) Adaptive Plans Optimal for Payoff-Only Environments. Proc. of the
2nd Hawaii Int. Conf. on System Sciences, Hawaii
P.A. Whigham . G.ß. Fogel
Fogel DB, Foge! GB (1995) Additionally, models that incorporate spatial and temporal
information, and those based on populations of individuals, are difficult to formulate
or express. Evolutionary Prograrnming IV: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual
Conference on Evolutionary Prograrnming. 1. R. McDonnell, R. G. Reynolds and D.
B. Foge!, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA: 565-577
Fogel DB, Fogel GB (1997) On the instability of evolutionary stable strategies.
BioSystems 44: 135-152
Foge! GB, Andrews PC (1998) On the instability of evolutionary stable strategies in small
populations. Ecol. Modelling 109: 283-294
Fogel LJ (1962) Autonomous Automata. Industrial Research 4: 14-19
Fogel LJ, Owens AJ (1966) Aritificial Intelligence Through Simulated Evolution. New
York, John Wiley
FOITest S, Jones T (1994) Modeling complex adaptive systems with Echo. Complex
Systems: Mechanisms of Adaptation. R. J. Stonier and X. H. Yu. Amsterdam, lOS
Press: 3-21
Fox AD, Jones TA (1994) Food supply and the effects of recreational disturbance on the
abundance and distribution of wintering Pochard on a gravel pit complex in southern
Britain. Hydrobiologia 279/280: 253-261
Fraser A (1957) Simulation of Genetic Systems by Automatie Digital Computers 1.
Introduction. Australian J. of Biol. Sci. 10: 484-491
Fraser A (1962) Optirnization through Evolution and Recombination. Self-organizing
Systems. M.C.Yovits, G. T. Jacobi and G. D. Goldstine. Washington DC, Spartan
Books: 93-106
Frey PW, Slate DJ (1991) Letter recognition using Holland-style adaptive classifiers.
Machine Learning 6(2): 161-182
Friedberg RM (1958) A Learning Machine: Part 1. IBM J. of Research and Development 2:
2-13
Friedberg RM (1959) A Learning Machine: Part II. IBM J. of Research and Development
3(3): 282-287
Gillman M, Hails R (1997) An Introduction to Ecological Modelling: Putting Practice into
Theory. Oxford, Blackwell Science Ltd
Grefenstette JJ (1988) Credit assignment in rule discovery systems based on genetic
algorithms. Machine Learning 3(2,3): 225-245
Hartviggsen G, Starmer WT (1995) Plant-herbivore coevolution in a spatially and
genetically explicit model. Artificial Life 2: 239-258
Hassel MP, Cornins HN (1976) Discrete time models for two-species competition.
Theoretical Population Biology 9: 202-221
Haynes T, Sen S (1996) Evolving Behaviour Strategies in Predators and Prey. Adaption
and Learning in Multiagent Systems. G. Weis and S. Sen. Berlin, Springer Verlag
Haynes T, Wainwright R (1995) Strongly Typed Genetic Prograrnming in Evolving
Cooperation Strategies. Proceedings of the Sixth International conference on Genetic
Algorithms. L. J. Eshelman: 271-278
Holland JH (1969) Adaptive Plans Optimal for Payoff-Only Environments. Proc. of the
2nd Hawaii Int. Conf. on System Sciences, Hawaii