References
tainable use of land. In: Diamond, H. L.; Noonan, P.,
eds. The use of land. Washington, DC: Island Press:
273-308.
Costanza, R; Wainger, L.; Folke, c.; Maler, K. 1993.
Modeling complex ecological economic systems. BioScience 43:545-555.
Everett, R; Hessburg, P.; Jensen, M.; Bormann, B. 1994.
Volume 1: executive summary. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNWGTR-317. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv.,
Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 1976. A
frameworkfor land evaluation. 32. Rome: United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 1993. Guidelines for land use planning. Rome: United Nations
Food and Agriculture Organization.
Forman, R T. T.; Godron, M. 1986. Landscape ecology.
New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Golley, F. B. 1994. Development of landscape ecology
and its relation to environmental management. In:
Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron, P. S., tech. eds. Volume II:
ecosystem management: principles and applications.
Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-318. Portland, OR: U.S.
Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.:
34-41.
Graham, R L.; Hunsaker, C. T.; O'Neill, R V.; Jackson, B. L. 1991. Ecological risk assessment at the regional scale. Ecol. Appl. 1: 196-206.
Grumbine, R E. 1994. What is ecosystem management?
Conserv. BioI. 8:27-38.
Haynes, R W.; Graham, R. T.; Quigley, T.M. 1996. A
framework for ecosystem management in the interior
Columbia basin and portions of the Klamath and
Great Basins. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-374. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific
Northw. Res. Sta.
Heissenbuttel, A. E. 1995. Industry perspectives on
ecosystem management: an evolution in forest science
and policy. In: Everett, R L.; Baumgartner, D. M.,
eds. Ecosystem management in western interior
forests. Pullman, WA: Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University: 11-14.
Holling, C. S., editor. 1978. Adaptive environmental assessment and management. London: John Wiley &
Sons.
Holling, C. S. 1986. The resilience of terrestrial ecosystems: local surprise and global change. In: Clark,
W. M.; Munn, R. E., eds. Sustainable development in
the biosphere. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press:
292-320.
Hunsaker, C. T.; Graham, R. T.; Suter II, G. W.; O'Neill,
R V.; Bamthouse, L.W.; Gardner, R. H. 1990. Assessing ecological risk on a regional scale. Environ.
Manage. 14:325-332.
Hunter, M. 1991. Coping with ignorance: the coarsefilter strategy for maintaining biodiversity. In: Kohn,
K. A., ed. Balancing on the brink of extinction-the
endangered species act and lessons for the future.
Washington, DC: Island Press: 256-281.
Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron, P. S., editors. 1994. Volume
9
II: ecosystem management: principles and applications. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-318. Portland, OR:
U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.
Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron, P. S.; Everett, R.; Goodman,
1. 1996. Ecosystem management: a landscape ecology
perspective. J. Amer. Water Resources Association
32:208-216.
Kay, J. J. 1991. A nonequilibrium themodynamic framework for discussing ecosystem integrity. Environ.
Manage. 15:483-495.
Kessler, J. J., editor. 1997. Strategic environmental
analysis, AIDEnvironment. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: The Hague.
Klingebiel, A. A.; Montgomery, D. H. 1961. Land capability classification. Agricultural Handbook 210.
Washington, DC: Soil Conservation Service, U.S.
GPO.
Lessard, G.; Jensen, M.E.; Crespi, M.; Bourgeron, P.S.
1999. A general framework for integrated ecological
assessments. In: Cordel, H. K.; Bergstrom, J. C., eds.
Integrating social sciences with ecosystem management: human dimensions in assessment policy and
management. Champaign-Urbana, IL: Sagamore:
35-60.
Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in
ecology. Ecology 73:1942-1968.
Marcot, B. G. 1986. Concepts of risk analysis as applied
to viable population assessment and planning. In:
Wilcox, B. A.; Brussard, P. F.; Marcot, B. G., eds. The
management of viable populations: theory, applications, and case studies. Standord, CA: Center for Conservation Biology.
Maxwell, J. R; Edwards, C. J.; Jensen, M. E.; Paustian,
S. J.; Parrott, H.; Hill, D. M. 1995. A hierarchical
framework of aquatic ecological units in North America. NC-GTR-176. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. Agric.
For. Serv., North Central Exp. Sta.
May, R 1976. Simple mathematical models with very
complicated dynamics. Nature 261 :459-467.
National Research Council. 1994. Rangeland health:
new methods to classify, inventory, and monitor rangelands. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Naveh, Z.; Lieberman, A. 1984. Landscape ecology: theory and application. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Noss, R F.; Cooperrider, A. Y. 1994. Saving nature's
legacy. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Olson, G. W. 1974. Land classifications. Ithaca, NY:
Cornell University.
O'Neill, R V.; King, A. W. 1998. Homage to St.
Michael; or, why are there so many books on scale?
In: Peterson, D. L.; Parker, V. T., eds. Ecological
scale: theory and applications. New York: Columbia
University Press.
O'Neill, R. V.; DeAngelis, D. L.; Waide, J. B.; Allen,
T. F. H. 1986. A hierarchical concept of ecosystems.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Ortolano, L.; Shepherd, A. 1995. Environmental impact
assessment. In: Vanc1ay, F.; Bronstein, D. A., eds. Environmental and social impact assessment. Chichester,
UK: John Wiley & Sons: 3-31.
tainable use of land. In: Diamond, H. L.; Noonan, P.,
eds. The use of land. Washington, DC: Island Press:
273-308.
Costanza, R; Wainger, L.; Folke, c.; Maler, K. 1993.
Modeling complex ecological economic systems. BioScience 43:545-555.
Everett, R; Hessburg, P.; Jensen, M.; Bormann, B. 1994.
Volume 1: executive summary. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNWGTR-317. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv.,
Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 1976. A
frameworkfor land evaluation. 32. Rome: United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 1993. Guidelines for land use planning. Rome: United Nations
Food and Agriculture Organization.
Forman, R T. T.; Godron, M. 1986. Landscape ecology.
New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Golley, F. B. 1994. Development of landscape ecology
and its relation to environmental management. In:
Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron, P. S., tech. eds. Volume II:
ecosystem management: principles and applications.
Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-318. Portland, OR: U.S.
Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.:
34-41.
Graham, R L.; Hunsaker, C. T.; O'Neill, R V.; Jackson, B. L. 1991. Ecological risk assessment at the regional scale. Ecol. Appl. 1: 196-206.
Grumbine, R E. 1994. What is ecosystem management?
Conserv. BioI. 8:27-38.
Haynes, R W.; Graham, R. T.; Quigley, T.M. 1996. A
framework for ecosystem management in the interior
Columbia basin and portions of the Klamath and
Great Basins. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-374. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific
Northw. Res. Sta.
Heissenbuttel, A. E. 1995. Industry perspectives on
ecosystem management: an evolution in forest science
and policy. In: Everett, R L.; Baumgartner, D. M.,
eds. Ecosystem management in western interior
forests. Pullman, WA: Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University: 11-14.
Holling, C. S., editor. 1978. Adaptive environmental assessment and management. London: John Wiley &
Sons.
Holling, C. S. 1986. The resilience of terrestrial ecosystems: local surprise and global change. In: Clark,
W. M.; Munn, R. E., eds. Sustainable development in
the biosphere. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press:
292-320.
Hunsaker, C. T.; Graham, R. T.; Suter II, G. W.; O'Neill,
R V.; Bamthouse, L.W.; Gardner, R. H. 1990. Assessing ecological risk on a regional scale. Environ.
Manage. 14:325-332.
Hunter, M. 1991. Coping with ignorance: the coarsefilter strategy for maintaining biodiversity. In: Kohn,
K. A., ed. Balancing on the brink of extinction-the
endangered species act and lessons for the future.
Washington, DC: Island Press: 256-281.
Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron, P. S., editors. 1994. Volume
9
II: ecosystem management: principles and applications. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-318. Portland, OR:
U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.
Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron, P. S.; Everett, R.; Goodman,
1. 1996. Ecosystem management: a landscape ecology
perspective. J. Amer. Water Resources Association
32:208-216.
Kay, J. J. 1991. A nonequilibrium themodynamic framework for discussing ecosystem integrity. Environ.
Manage. 15:483-495.
Kessler, J. J., editor. 1997. Strategic environmental
analysis, AIDEnvironment. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: The Hague.
Klingebiel, A. A.; Montgomery, D. H. 1961. Land capability classification. Agricultural Handbook 210.
Washington, DC: Soil Conservation Service, U.S.
GPO.
Lessard, G.; Jensen, M.E.; Crespi, M.; Bourgeron, P.S.
1999. A general framework for integrated ecological
assessments. In: Cordel, H. K.; Bergstrom, J. C., eds.
Integrating social sciences with ecosystem management: human dimensions in assessment policy and
management. Champaign-Urbana, IL: Sagamore:
35-60.
Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in
ecology. Ecology 73:1942-1968.
Marcot, B. G. 1986. Concepts of risk analysis as applied
to viable population assessment and planning. In:
Wilcox, B. A.; Brussard, P. F.; Marcot, B. G., eds. The
management of viable populations: theory, applications, and case studies. Standord, CA: Center for Conservation Biology.
Maxwell, J. R; Edwards, C. J.; Jensen, M. E.; Paustian,
S. J.; Parrott, H.; Hill, D. M. 1995. A hierarchical
framework of aquatic ecological units in North America. NC-GTR-176. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. Agric.
For. Serv., North Central Exp. Sta.
May, R 1976. Simple mathematical models with very
complicated dynamics. Nature 261 :459-467.
National Research Council. 1994. Rangeland health:
new methods to classify, inventory, and monitor rangelands. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Naveh, Z.; Lieberman, A. 1984. Landscape ecology: theory and application. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Noss, R F.; Cooperrider, A. Y. 1994. Saving nature's
legacy. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Olson, G. W. 1974. Land classifications. Ithaca, NY:
Cornell University.
O'Neill, R V.; King, A. W. 1998. Homage to St.
Michael; or, why are there so many books on scale?
In: Peterson, D. L.; Parker, V. T., eds. Ecological
scale: theory and applications. New York: Columbia
University Press.
O'Neill, R. V.; DeAngelis, D. L.; Waide, J. B.; Allen,
T. F. H. 1986. A hierarchical concept of ecosystems.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Ortolano, L.; Shepherd, A. 1995. Environmental impact
assessment. In: Vanc1ay, F.; Bronstein, D. A., eds. Environmental and social impact assessment. Chichester,
UK: John Wiley & Sons: 3-31.