7.10 References
studies at landscape scales. In: Powell, T. M.; Steele,
J. H., eds. Ecological time series. New York: Chapman and Hall: 209-241.
Stohlgren, T. J.; Falkner, M. B.; Schell, L. D. 1995. A
modified-Whittaker nested vegetation sampling method.
Vegetatio 117:113-121.
Stohlgren, T. J.; Chong, G. W.; Kalkhan, M. A; Schell,
L. D. 1997. Rapid assessment of plant diversity patterns: a methodology for landscapes. Environ. Monit.
Assess. 48:25-43.
Stohlgren, T. J.; Bull, K. A.; Otsuki, Y. 1998. Comparison of rangeland vegetation sampling techniques in
the Central Grasslands. J. Range Manage. 51:164172.
Stoms, D. 1991. Mapping and monitoring regional patterns of species richness from geographic information.
Ph.D. dissertation. Santa Barbara, CA: Department of
Geography, University of California.
Stoms, D. M.; Estes, J. E. 1993. A remote sensing research agenda for mapping and monitoring biodiversity. Int. J. Remote Sens. 14(10): 1839-1860.
Treweek, J. 1999. Ecological impact assessment. Oxford,
UK: Blackwell Science.
Turner, M. G.; Gardner, R. H.; O'Neill, R. V.; Pearson,
S. M. 1994. Multiscale organization of landscape heterogeneity. In: Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron, P. S., eds.
Volume II: ecosystem management: principles and applications. PNW-GTR-318. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept.
Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.: 73-79.
U.S. Executive Office of the President. 1994. Coordinating geographic data acquisition and access: the national spatial data infrastructure. Executive Order
12906. Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President.
Van Driel, N.; Loveland, T. 1996. The U.S. Geological
Survey's land cover characterization program. Pro107
ceedings of the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA) international conference!
workshop on integrating GIS and environmental modeling, January 21-25, 1996, Santa Fe, NM. Santa Barbara, CA: National Center for Geographic Information
and Analysis. (CD-ROM)
Walker, D. A; Halfpenny, J. c.; Walker, M. D.; Wessman, C. A. 1993. Long-term studies of snow vegetation interactions: a hierarchic geographic information
system helps examine links between species distributions and regional patterns of greenness. BioScience
43:287-301.
Wessels, K. J.; Van Jaarsveld, AS.; Grimbeek, J. D.;
Vander Linde, M. I. 1998. An evaluation of the gradsect biological survey method. Biodivers. Conserv.
7:1093-1121.
Wessman, C. A.; Asner, G. P. 1998. Ecosystems and
problems of measurement at large spatial scales. In:
Pace, M. L.; Groffman, P. M., eds. Successes, limitations, and frontiers in ecosystem science. New York:
Springer-Verlag: 346-371.
Whittaker, R. H. 1977. Evolution of species diversity on
land communities. Evol. BioI. 10:1--67.
Wiens, J. A 1989. Spatial scaling in ecology. Funct.
Ecol. 3:385-397.
Wilkinson, G. G. 1996. A review of current issues in the
integration of GIS and remote sensing data. Int. J. Geogr. In! Syst. 10(1):85-101.
Wolter, P. T.; Mladenoff, D. J.; Host, G. E.; Crow, T. R.
1995. Improved forest classification in the Lake States
using multitemporal Landsat imagery. Photogramm.
Eng. Remote Sensing 61:1129-1143.
Yee, T. W.; Mitchell, N. D. 1991. Generalised additive
models in plant ecology. J. Veg. Sci. 2:587-602.
studies at landscape scales. In: Powell, T. M.; Steele,
J. H., eds. Ecological time series. New York: Chapman and Hall: 209-241.
Stohlgren, T. J.; Falkner, M. B.; Schell, L. D. 1995. A
modified-Whittaker nested vegetation sampling method.
Vegetatio 117:113-121.
Stohlgren, T. J.; Chong, G. W.; Kalkhan, M. A; Schell,
L. D. 1997. Rapid assessment of plant diversity patterns: a methodology for landscapes. Environ. Monit.
Assess. 48:25-43.
Stohlgren, T. J.; Bull, K. A.; Otsuki, Y. 1998. Comparison of rangeland vegetation sampling techniques in
the Central Grasslands. J. Range Manage. 51:164172.
Stoms, D. 1991. Mapping and monitoring regional patterns of species richness from geographic information.
Ph.D. dissertation. Santa Barbara, CA: Department of
Geography, University of California.
Stoms, D. M.; Estes, J. E. 1993. A remote sensing research agenda for mapping and monitoring biodiversity. Int. J. Remote Sens. 14(10): 1839-1860.
Treweek, J. 1999. Ecological impact assessment. Oxford,
UK: Blackwell Science.
Turner, M. G.; Gardner, R. H.; O'Neill, R. V.; Pearson,
S. M. 1994. Multiscale organization of landscape heterogeneity. In: Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron, P. S., eds.
Volume II: ecosystem management: principles and applications. PNW-GTR-318. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept.
Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.: 73-79.
U.S. Executive Office of the President. 1994. Coordinating geographic data acquisition and access: the national spatial data infrastructure. Executive Order
12906. Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President.
Van Driel, N.; Loveland, T. 1996. The U.S. Geological
Survey's land cover characterization program. Pro107
ceedings of the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA) international conference!
workshop on integrating GIS and environmental modeling, January 21-25, 1996, Santa Fe, NM. Santa Barbara, CA: National Center for Geographic Information
and Analysis. (CD-ROM)
Walker, D. A; Halfpenny, J. c.; Walker, M. D.; Wessman, C. A. 1993. Long-term studies of snow vegetation interactions: a hierarchic geographic information
system helps examine links between species distributions and regional patterns of greenness. BioScience
43:287-301.
Wessels, K. J.; Van Jaarsveld, AS.; Grimbeek, J. D.;
Vander Linde, M. I. 1998. An evaluation of the gradsect biological survey method. Biodivers. Conserv.
7:1093-1121.
Wessman, C. A.; Asner, G. P. 1998. Ecosystems and
problems of measurement at large spatial scales. In:
Pace, M. L.; Groffman, P. M., eds. Successes, limitations, and frontiers in ecosystem science. New York:
Springer-Verlag: 346-371.
Whittaker, R. H. 1977. Evolution of species diversity on
land communities. Evol. BioI. 10:1--67.
Wiens, J. A 1989. Spatial scaling in ecology. Funct.
Ecol. 3:385-397.
Wilkinson, G. G. 1996. A review of current issues in the
integration of GIS and remote sensing data. Int. J. Geogr. In! Syst. 10(1):85-101.
Wolter, P. T.; Mladenoff, D. J.; Host, G. E.; Crow, T. R.
1995. Improved forest classification in the Lake States
using multitemporal Landsat imagery. Photogramm.
Eng. Remote Sensing 61:1129-1143.
Yee, T. W.; Mitchell, N. D. 1991. Generalised additive
models in plant ecology. J. Veg. Sci. 2:587-602.