Foster, K. and P. Huber. 1997. Judging Science: Scientific Knowledge and the Federal
Courts. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Gentile, J.H. and M.A. Harwell. 1998. The issue of significance in ecological risk
assessments. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 4:815–828.
Gregory, R., S. Lichtenstein, and P. Slovic. 1993. Valuing environmental resources: A
constructive approach. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 7:177–193.
Heppell, S., C. Pfister, and H. de Kroon. 2000. Elasticity analysis in population
biology: Methods and applications. Ecology 81:605–606.
Hilborn, R. and M. Mangel. 1997. The Ecological Detective. Princeton University
Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
Hilborn, R., J.J. Maguire, A.M. Parma, and A.A. Rosenberg. 2001. The precautionary approach and risk management: Can they increase the probability of successes
in fishery management? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science
58:99–107.
Hutchings, J.A. 2001. Conservation biology of marine fishes: Perceptions and caveats
regarding assignment of extinction risk. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences 58:108–121.
Keeney, R. 1992. Value-Focused Thinking: A Path to Creative Decisionmaking.
Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Lackey, R.T. 1994. Ecological risk assessment. Fisheries 19:14–18.
Lackey, R.T. 1998. Fisheries management: Integrating societal preference, decision
analysis, and ecological risk assessment. Environmental Science & Policy 1:
329–335.
Lackey, R.T. 1999. Salmon policy: Science, society, restoration, and reality. Environmental Science & Policy 2:369–379.
Lane, D.E. and R.L. Stephenson. 1995. Fisheries management science: The framework to link biological, economic, and social objectives in fisheries management.
Aquatic Living Resources 8:215–221.
Lane, D.E. and R.L. Stephenson. 1998. A framework for risk analysis in fisheries
decision-making. ICES Journal of Marine Science 55:1–13.
Lohner, T.W., G. Seegert, J. Vondruska, and E. Perry. 2000. Assessment of 316(b)
impact on Ohio river fish populations. Environmental Science & Policy 3(Supplement 1):S249–S259.
Lorda, E., D.J. Danila, and J.D. Miller. 2000. Application of a population dynamics
model to the probabilistic assessment of cooling water intake effects of Millstone
Nuclear Power Station (Waterford, CT) on a nearby winter flounder spawning
stock. Environmental Science & Policy 3(Supplement 1):S471–S482.
May, J.R. and M.K. van Rossum. 1995. The quick and the dead: Fish entrainment,
entrapment, and the implementation and application of Section 316(b) of the
Clean Water Act. Vermont Law Review 20:375–493.
Mayhew, D.A., L.D. Jensen, D.F. Hanson, and P.H. Muessig. 2000. A comparative
review of entrainment survival studies at power plants in estuarine environments.
Environmental Science & Policy 3(Supplement 1):S295–S302.
McCarty, L.S. and M. Power. 2000. Approaches to developing risk management
objectives: An analysis of international strategies. Environmental Science &
Policy 3:311–319.
Nagle, D.G. and J.T. Morgan, Jr. 2000. Forward. A draft regulatory framework for
analyzing potential adverse environmental impact from cooling water intake
structures. Environmental Science & Policy 3(Supplement 1):ix–xiv.
3. Modeling Fish Entrainment and Impingement Impacts
67
Courts. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Gentile, J.H. and M.A. Harwell. 1998. The issue of significance in ecological risk
assessments. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 4:815–828.
Gregory, R., S. Lichtenstein, and P. Slovic. 1993. Valuing environmental resources: A
constructive approach. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 7:177–193.
Heppell, S., C. Pfister, and H. de Kroon. 2000. Elasticity analysis in population
biology: Methods and applications. Ecology 81:605–606.
Hilborn, R. and M. Mangel. 1997. The Ecological Detective. Princeton University
Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
Hilborn, R., J.J. Maguire, A.M. Parma, and A.A. Rosenberg. 2001. The precautionary approach and risk management: Can they increase the probability of successes
in fishery management? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science
58:99–107.
Hutchings, J.A. 2001. Conservation biology of marine fishes: Perceptions and caveats
regarding assignment of extinction risk. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences 58:108–121.
Keeney, R. 1992. Value-Focused Thinking: A Path to Creative Decisionmaking.
Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Lackey, R.T. 1994. Ecological risk assessment. Fisheries 19:14–18.
Lackey, R.T. 1998. Fisheries management: Integrating societal preference, decision
analysis, and ecological risk assessment. Environmental Science & Policy 1:
329–335.
Lackey, R.T. 1999. Salmon policy: Science, society, restoration, and reality. Environmental Science & Policy 2:369–379.
Lane, D.E. and R.L. Stephenson. 1995. Fisheries management science: The framework to link biological, economic, and social objectives in fisheries management.
Aquatic Living Resources 8:215–221.
Lane, D.E. and R.L. Stephenson. 1998. A framework for risk analysis in fisheries
decision-making. ICES Journal of Marine Science 55:1–13.
Lohner, T.W., G. Seegert, J. Vondruska, and E. Perry. 2000. Assessment of 316(b)
impact on Ohio river fish populations. Environmental Science & Policy 3(Supplement 1):S249–S259.
Lorda, E., D.J. Danila, and J.D. Miller. 2000. Application of a population dynamics
model to the probabilistic assessment of cooling water intake effects of Millstone
Nuclear Power Station (Waterford, CT) on a nearby winter flounder spawning
stock. Environmental Science & Policy 3(Supplement 1):S471–S482.
May, J.R. and M.K. van Rossum. 1995. The quick and the dead: Fish entrainment,
entrapment, and the implementation and application of Section 316(b) of the
Clean Water Act. Vermont Law Review 20:375–493.
Mayhew, D.A., L.D. Jensen, D.F. Hanson, and P.H. Muessig. 2000. A comparative
review of entrainment survival studies at power plants in estuarine environments.
Environmental Science & Policy 3(Supplement 1):S295–S302.
McCarty, L.S. and M. Power. 2000. Approaches to developing risk management
objectives: An analysis of international strategies. Environmental Science &
Policy 3:311–319.
Nagle, D.G. and J.T. Morgan, Jr. 2000. Forward. A draft regulatory framework for
analyzing potential adverse environmental impact from cooling water intake
structures. Environmental Science & Policy 3(Supplement 1):ix–xiv.
3. Modeling Fish Entrainment and Impingement Impacts
67