E
Ecological effects characterization,
90
Ecological endpoints, 91–92
Ecological modeling for resource
management
areas for improvements in use of,
315–318
barriers to use of, 109–120
beginnings of, 9–11
development of computers for, 11
effective, 180–205
effective use of, 211–219
for endangered-species recovery,
23–43
enhancing role of, 135–160
examples of using, 21–85
exploration of, 6
fish entrainment and impingement
impacts, 46–65
future use of, 16
issues related to confidence in,
95–102
key issues in, 87–285
new, case studies using, 154–158
new directions in, 310–319
opportunities for using, 3–17
overcoming barriers to use of,
89–105
roles for, in 316(b) assessments,
50–53
roots of, 9–12
science and management
investments needed to enhance
use of, 249–259
using projections from, 12–14
general characteristics of, 8–9
temporal scales of, 9
types of, 7–8
Ecological point of view, 3
Ecological-risk-assessment process,
EPA, 60–62
Ecological risk assessments, framework
for, 89–94
Ecological sustainability, 4
Economic perspective, 3
Ecosystem and receptor characteristics,
measures of, 49–50
Ecosystem management, 81
Index
323
Ecosystem sustainability, forest,
138–139
Educating managers and decision
makers, 264–271
methods for, 270–271
Educating stakeholders, 278–281
Education, training and, 250
Educational investments in
environmental science and
management, 263–282
Effective Use of Ecological Modeling
in Management workshop,
vii
Empirical modeling, 48
Endangered-species recovery
case studies, 27–39
ecological modeling for resource
management for, 23–43
lessons learned, 39–42
wolf biology and recovery status,
24–26
Endpoints,assessment, 49
ecological, 91–92
Entrainment, fish, 46
Environment Protection Agency, see
EPA entries
Environmental impact, adverse (AEI),
46–47, 61–62
Environmental managers, 6
Environmental perspective, 3–7
Environmental pressures, 311
Environmental science and
management, educational
investments in, 263–282
Environmental security, 289
concept of, 289
global issues of, 290–298
strategic view of role of models in,
301–307
using models for, 289–307
EPA (U.S. Environment Protection
Agency), regulations, 47
EPA ecological-risk-assessment
process, 60–62
Errors
model, 102–103
nonsampling, 195
sampling, 194, 195
sources of, in data, 194–196
Ecological effects characterization,
90
Ecological endpoints, 91–92
Ecological modeling for resource
management
areas for improvements in use of,
315–318
barriers to use of, 109–120
beginnings of, 9–11
development of computers for, 11
effective, 180–205
effective use of, 211–219
for endangered-species recovery,
23–43
enhancing role of, 135–160
examples of using, 21–85
exploration of, 6
fish entrainment and impingement
impacts, 46–65
future use of, 16
issues related to confidence in,
95–102
key issues in, 87–285
new, case studies using, 154–158
new directions in, 310–319
opportunities for using, 3–17
overcoming barriers to use of,
89–105
roles for, in 316(b) assessments,
50–53
roots of, 9–12
science and management
investments needed to enhance
use of, 249–259
using projections from, 12–14
general characteristics of, 8–9
temporal scales of, 9
types of, 7–8
Ecological point of view, 3
Ecological-risk-assessment process,
EPA, 60–62
Ecological risk assessments, framework
for, 89–94
Ecological sustainability, 4
Economic perspective, 3
Ecosystem and receptor characteristics,
measures of, 49–50
Ecosystem management, 81
Index
323
Ecosystem sustainability, forest,
138–139
Educating managers and decision
makers, 264–271
methods for, 270–271
Educating stakeholders, 278–281
Education, training and, 250
Educational investments in
environmental science and
management, 263–282
Effective Use of Ecological Modeling
in Management workshop,
vii
Empirical modeling, 48
Endangered-species recovery
case studies, 27–39
ecological modeling for resource
management for, 23–43
lessons learned, 39–42
wolf biology and recovery status,
24–26
Endpoints,assessment, 49
ecological, 91–92
Entrainment, fish, 46
Environment Protection Agency, see
EPA entries
Environmental impact, adverse (AEI),
46–47, 61–62
Environmental managers, 6
Environmental perspective, 3–7
Environmental pressures, 311
Environmental science and
management, educational
investments in, 263–282
Environmental security, 289
concept of, 289
global issues of, 290–298
strategic view of role of models in,
301–307
using models for, 289–307
EPA (U.S. Environment Protection
Agency), regulations, 47
EPA ecological-risk-assessment
process, 60–62
Errors
model, 102–103
nonsampling, 195
sampling, 194, 195
sources of, in data, 194–196