References
Aber, J.D. and C.T. Driscoll. 1997. Effects of land use, climate variation, and N
deposition on N cycling and C storage in northern hardwood forests. Global
Biogeochemical Cycles 11:639–648.
Anonymous. 1995. Sustaining the world’s forests: The Santiago agreement. Journal
of Forestry 93:18–21.
Botkin, D.B., J.F. Janak, and J.R. Wallis. 1972. Some ecological consequences of a
computer model of forest growth. Journal of Ecology 60:849–872.
Bugmann, H. 2001. A review of forest gap models. Climatic Change 51:259–305.
Committee of Scientists. 1999. Sustaining the People’s Lands: Recommendations for
Stewardship of the National Forests and Grasslands into the Next Century. U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Dale, V.H. and W. Van Winkle. 1998. Models provide understanding, not belief.
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 79:169–170.
Dale, V.H., R.H. Gardner, D.L. DeAngelis, C. Eagar, and J.W. Webb. 1991.
Elevation-mediated effects of balsam woolly adelgid on southern Appalachian
spruce-fir forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21:1639–1648.
Dale, V.H., S. Brown, R.A. Haeuber, N.T. Hobbs, N. Huntly, R.J. Naiman, W.E.
Riebsame, M.G. Turner, and T.J. Valone. 2000. Ecological principles and guidelines
for managing the use of land. Ecological Applications 10:639–670.
Goodman, S.W. 1996. Ecosystem management at the Department of Defense.
Ecological Applications 6:706–707.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2001. Climate Change 2001:
Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
UK.
Johnson, K.N., J. Agee, R. Beschta, V. Dale, L. Hardesty, J. Long, L. Nielsen, B. Noon,
R. Sedjo, M. Shannon, R. Trosper, C. Wilkinson, and J. Wondolleck. 1999.
Sustaining the people’s lands: recommendations for stewardship of the national
forests and grasslands into the next century. Journal of Forestry 97:6–12.
Joyce, L.A., J. Aber, S. McNulty, V. Dale, A.J. Hansen, L. Irland, R.P. Neilson, and
K. Skog. 2001. Forests. Pages 489–524 in Climate Change Impacts: The Potential
Consequences of Climate Variability and Change, a Report of the National
Assessment Synthesis Team of the U.S. Global Change Research Program.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
National Academy of the Sciences. 2000. Global change ecosystems research.
National Academy Press, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Overton, W.S. 1977. A strategy of model construction. Pages 49–73 in C.A.S. Hall
and J.W. Day, Jr., editors. Ecosystem Modeling in Theory and Practice: An Introduction with Case Histories. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado,
USA.
Van Winkle, W. and V.H. Dale. 1998. Model interactions. Bulletin of the Ecological
Society of America 79:257–259.
Wondolleck, J.M. and S.L. Yaffee. 2000. Making Collaboration Work: Lessons from
Innovation in Natural Resource Management. Island Press, Washington, District
of Columbia, USA.
320
Virginia H. Dale
Aber, J.D. and C.T. Driscoll. 1997. Effects of land use, climate variation, and N
deposition on N cycling and C storage in northern hardwood forests. Global
Biogeochemical Cycles 11:639–648.
Anonymous. 1995. Sustaining the world’s forests: The Santiago agreement. Journal
of Forestry 93:18–21.
Botkin, D.B., J.F. Janak, and J.R. Wallis. 1972. Some ecological consequences of a
computer model of forest growth. Journal of Ecology 60:849–872.
Bugmann, H. 2001. A review of forest gap models. Climatic Change 51:259–305.
Committee of Scientists. 1999. Sustaining the People’s Lands: Recommendations for
Stewardship of the National Forests and Grasslands into the Next Century. U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Dale, V.H. and W. Van Winkle. 1998. Models provide understanding, not belief.
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 79:169–170.
Dale, V.H., R.H. Gardner, D.L. DeAngelis, C. Eagar, and J.W. Webb. 1991.
Elevation-mediated effects of balsam woolly adelgid on southern Appalachian
spruce-fir forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21:1639–1648.
Dale, V.H., S. Brown, R.A. Haeuber, N.T. Hobbs, N. Huntly, R.J. Naiman, W.E.
Riebsame, M.G. Turner, and T.J. Valone. 2000. Ecological principles and guidelines
for managing the use of land. Ecological Applications 10:639–670.
Goodman, S.W. 1996. Ecosystem management at the Department of Defense.
Ecological Applications 6:706–707.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2001. Climate Change 2001:
Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
UK.
Johnson, K.N., J. Agee, R. Beschta, V. Dale, L. Hardesty, J. Long, L. Nielsen, B. Noon,
R. Sedjo, M. Shannon, R. Trosper, C. Wilkinson, and J. Wondolleck. 1999.
Sustaining the people’s lands: recommendations for stewardship of the national
forests and grasslands into the next century. Journal of Forestry 97:6–12.
Joyce, L.A., J. Aber, S. McNulty, V. Dale, A.J. Hansen, L. Irland, R.P. Neilson, and
K. Skog. 2001. Forests. Pages 489–524 in Climate Change Impacts: The Potential
Consequences of Climate Variability and Change, a Report of the National
Assessment Synthesis Team of the U.S. Global Change Research Program.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
National Academy of the Sciences. 2000. Global change ecosystems research.
National Academy Press, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Overton, W.S. 1977. A strategy of model construction. Pages 49–73 in C.A.S. Hall
and J.W. Day, Jr., editors. Ecosystem Modeling in Theory and Practice: An Introduction with Case Histories. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado,
USA.
Van Winkle, W. and V.H. Dale. 1998. Model interactions. Bulletin of the Ecological
Society of America 79:257–259.
Wondolleck, J.M. and S.L. Yaffee. 2000. Making Collaboration Work: Lessons from
Innovation in Natural Resource Management. Island Press, Washington, District
of Columbia, USA.
320
Virginia H. Dale