should be both forward and backward information exchange between
problem conceptual models and mathematical science and engineering
models so that each can be modified as additional information is obtained
from the analysis or as the objectives of stakeholders or decision makers
are modified.
12.3.3 From Conceptualization to Communication
Even after the objectives are delineated, the conceptual toolkit would be
used to suggest alternative decision options. As the conceptual blueprint is
modified by alternative decisions, feasible impacts are communicated to
stakeholders and managers for reaction and modification. This communication is an iterative process, with exchanges occurring many times.
12.3.4 From Analysis to Decision
As the problem-solving process progresses through modeling, analysis, and
decision making, additional studies will likely be formulated on the basis of
stakeholder, decision maker, and modeler feedbacks to the current state of
analysis. Additional management alternatives should then be formulated
via the conceptual toolkit.
12.4 Stakeholder’s Toolkit
Various environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), such as
the Sierra Club, Nature Conservancy, Environmental Defense Fund, Isaac
Walton League, and the general public, constitute a set of stakeholders
that have become increasingly active in the resource management decision
process. Public and NGO activities related to resource management may
include formulation of a particular position through public forums, involvement in the legislative process, purchase and setaside of lands for conservation, formal review of proposed resource management activities by public
agencies, and the conduct of alternative technical analyses.
The diverse occupational backgrounds and technical training of stakeholders challenges the development of a toolkit that meets the needs of this
group. Stakeholders include interested individuals with little or no formal
training in ecology or resource management who have sincere interests and
commitments (e.g., advocates) to sound environmental decisions on issues
that directly influence them or future generations. Other stakeholders are
highly trained and technically competent in disciplines relevant to environmental and ecosystem management, but they are not advocates of any
particular decision or policy. Such trained individuals might be retained
by environmental NGOs to provide technical support and consultation in
relation to specific resource management decisions.
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233
problem conceptual models and mathematical science and engineering
models so that each can be modified as additional information is obtained
from the analysis or as the objectives of stakeholders or decision makers
are modified.
12.3.3 From Conceptualization to Communication
Even after the objectives are delineated, the conceptual toolkit would be
used to suggest alternative decision options. As the conceptual blueprint is
modified by alternative decisions, feasible impacts are communicated to
stakeholders and managers for reaction and modification. This communication is an iterative process, with exchanges occurring many times.
12.3.4 From Analysis to Decision
As the problem-solving process progresses through modeling, analysis, and
decision making, additional studies will likely be formulated on the basis of
stakeholder, decision maker, and modeler feedbacks to the current state of
analysis. Additional management alternatives should then be formulated
via the conceptual toolkit.
12.4 Stakeholder’s Toolkit
Various environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), such as
the Sierra Club, Nature Conservancy, Environmental Defense Fund, Isaac
Walton League, and the general public, constitute a set of stakeholders
that have become increasingly active in the resource management decision
process. Public and NGO activities related to resource management may
include formulation of a particular position through public forums, involvement in the legislative process, purchase and setaside of lands for conservation, formal review of proposed resource management activities by public
agencies, and the conduct of alternative technical analyses.
The diverse occupational backgrounds and technical training of stakeholders challenges the development of a toolkit that meets the needs of this
group. Stakeholders include interested individuals with little or no formal
training in ecology or resource management who have sincere interests and
commitments (e.g., advocates) to sound environmental decisions on issues
that directly influence them or future generations. Other stakeholders are
highly trained and technically competent in disciplines relevant to environmental and ecosystem management, but they are not advocates of any
particular decision or policy. Such trained individuals might be retained
by environmental NGOs to provide technical support and consultation in
relation to specific resource management decisions.
12. Role of Computational Toolkits in Environmental Management
233