Noise clustering, see Clustering, noise
Nominal, 37, 49, 283, 308
Non-hierarchical, see Clustering,
non-hierarchical
Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS),
151–153, 168, 193–198
Numerical ecology, v, vi, 1, 2, 9
O
Ochiai distance, see Distance, Ochiai
Ordinal, 27, 37, 38, 50, 51, 53–55
P
Parametric test, see Test, parametric
Partial RDA, see Redundancy analysis (RDA),
partial
Partitioning, 59–62, 67, 77, 81, 83–85, 87–90,
96–100, 102–107, 113–115,
126–129, 132, 134, 147, 209, 211,
222, 233–235, 237, 275, 278, 329,
332, 333, 348, 355, 360, 363, 369,
374, 380, 381, 383, 388–404, 408
around medoids (PAM), 96, 103–106
k-means, 35, 55, 60, 61, 96–104, 112, 113,
126, 141, 198, 256
variation, 203, 204, 222, 223, 233–238, 243,
262, 275, 297, 299, 309, 329–333
PCA, see Principal component analysis (PCA)
PCNM, see Principal coordinates of neighbour
matrices (PCNM)
PCoA, see Principal coordinate analysis
(PCoA)
Pearson, see Correlation, Pearson
Percentage difference, see Dissimilarity,
percentage difference
Periodogram, 303
Permutable units, see Permutation, permutable
units
Permutation, 112, 115, 121, 123, 168, 169,
219–221, 228, 238, 250, 260–262,
272, 279, 289, 324, 355, 364, 387
permutable units, 220
test, 112, 116, 121, 123, 168, 169, 219–221,
238, 250, 260–262, 272, 279, 324,
355, 364, 387
Permutation test, see Test, permutation
Phylogenetic diversity, see Diversity,
phylogenetic
Pie chart, 132, 133, 142
Pillai, 275, 276
Plot
interactive, 262, 263
Podani, 50, 389, 391–398, 400, 403, 404
Polynomial, 183, 244, 245, 248, 249, 309,
310, 347, 360
Polythetic, see Clustering, polythetic
Positive spatial correlation, see Correlation,
spatial, positive
Post-hoc, 60, 109
Presence-absence, 21, 36, 38, 42–46, 48, 49, 52,
53, 56, 57, 112, 115–118, 125,
135–137, 170, 175, 278, 288, 373,
379, 385, 389–391, 400
Pre-transformation, 39, 55, 56, 129, 153, 168,
175, 187, 256, 384
Principal component analysis (PCA), vi, 21, 35,
55, 151, 153–176, 178, 179, 181,
183, 187, 188, 190, 191, 193,
197–201, 204–206, 211, 212, 216,
244, 258, 278, 279, 281–283, 285,
286, 291, 350, 385
Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), 38, 57,
97, 98, 142, 146, 151, 153, 168,
187–193, 195–198, 201, 250, 278,
315, 333, 386, 393, 403, 404
Principal coordinates of neighbour matrices
(PCNM), 314–333, 365
Principal response curves (PRC), 203, 204,
268–271, 297
Profile, 55, 185, 266, 355, 371, 377
Q
Q mode, 35–52, 56, 57, 153, 187, 250
Quadratic, 244, 245, 248, 382, 404, 405,
407, 408
R
Range, 3, 5, 81, 146, 256, 301, 302, 304, 316,
320, 334, 335, 337, 377, 380, 388,
393, 412
Ranging, 21, 27, 87, 314, 323, 337, 369,
370, 372
Rarefaction, 370, 371, 376–378
RDA, see Redundancy analysis (RDA)
Redundancy analysis (RDA), 55, 115, 134,
154, 203–258, 260, 261, 263,
269, 271, 272, 275, 276, 283,
297, 310, 313, 316, 320, 322,
323, 325, 327, 328, 332, 340,
347, 355–361, 402, 405
distance-based (db-RDA), 198, 203, 228,
229, 249–253, 402, 403
partial, 204, 208, 221–225, 230, 234,
332, 357
transformation-based (tb-RDA), 204
Regional scale, see Scale, regional
Index
431
Nominal, 37, 49, 283, 308
Non-hierarchical, see Clustering,
non-hierarchical
Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS),
151–153, 168, 193–198
Numerical ecology, v, vi, 1, 2, 9
O
Ochiai distance, see Distance, Ochiai
Ordinal, 27, 37, 38, 50, 51, 53–55
P
Parametric test, see Test, parametric
Partial RDA, see Redundancy analysis (RDA),
partial
Partitioning, 59–62, 67, 77, 81, 83–85, 87–90,
96–100, 102–107, 113–115,
126–129, 132, 134, 147, 209, 211,
222, 233–235, 237, 275, 278, 329,
332, 333, 348, 355, 360, 363, 369,
374, 380, 381, 383, 388–404, 408
around medoids (PAM), 96, 103–106
k-means, 35, 55, 60, 61, 96–104, 112, 113,
126, 141, 198, 256
variation, 203, 204, 222, 223, 233–238, 243,
262, 275, 297, 299, 309, 329–333
PCA, see Principal component analysis (PCA)
PCNM, see Principal coordinates of neighbour
matrices (PCNM)
PCoA, see Principal coordinate analysis
(PCoA)
Pearson, see Correlation, Pearson
Percentage difference, see Dissimilarity,
percentage difference
Periodogram, 303
Permutable units, see Permutation, permutable
units
Permutation, 112, 115, 121, 123, 168, 169,
219–221, 228, 238, 250, 260–262,
272, 279, 289, 324, 355, 364, 387
permutable units, 220
test, 112, 116, 121, 123, 168, 169, 219–221,
238, 250, 260–262, 272, 279, 324,
355, 364, 387
Permutation test, see Test, permutation
Phylogenetic diversity, see Diversity,
phylogenetic
Pie chart, 132, 133, 142
Pillai, 275, 276
Plot
interactive, 262, 263
Podani, 50, 389, 391–398, 400, 403, 404
Polynomial, 183, 244, 245, 248, 249, 309,
310, 347, 360
Polythetic, see Clustering, polythetic
Positive spatial correlation, see Correlation,
spatial, positive
Post-hoc, 60, 109
Presence-absence, 21, 36, 38, 42–46, 48, 49, 52,
53, 56, 57, 112, 115–118, 125,
135–137, 170, 175, 278, 288, 373,
379, 385, 389–391, 400
Pre-transformation, 39, 55, 56, 129, 153, 168,
175, 187, 256, 384
Principal component analysis (PCA), vi, 21, 35,
55, 151, 153–176, 178, 179, 181,
183, 187, 188, 190, 191, 193,
197–201, 204–206, 211, 212, 216,
244, 258, 278, 279, 281–283, 285,
286, 291, 350, 385
Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), 38, 57,
97, 98, 142, 146, 151, 153, 168,
187–193, 195–198, 201, 250, 278,
315, 333, 386, 393, 403, 404
Principal coordinates of neighbour matrices
(PCNM), 314–333, 365
Principal response curves (PRC), 203, 204,
268–271, 297
Profile, 55, 185, 266, 355, 371, 377
Q
Q mode, 35–52, 56, 57, 153, 187, 250
Quadratic, 244, 245, 248, 382, 404, 405,
407, 408
R
Range, 3, 5, 81, 146, 256, 301, 302, 304, 316,
320, 334, 335, 337, 377, 380, 388,
393, 412
Ranging, 21, 27, 87, 314, 323, 337, 369,
370, 372
Rarefaction, 370, 371, 376–378
RDA, see Redundancy analysis (RDA)
Redundancy analysis (RDA), 55, 115, 134,
154, 203–258, 260, 261, 263,
269, 271, 272, 275, 276, 283,
297, 310, 313, 316, 320, 322,
323, 325, 327, 328, 332, 340,
347, 355–361, 402, 405
distance-based (db-RDA), 198, 203, 228,
229, 249–253, 402, 403
partial, 204, 208, 221–225, 230, 234,
332, 357
transformation-based (tb-RDA), 204
Regional scale, see Scale, regional
Index
431