260
R.R. Twilley et al.
management decisions (Twilley et al. 1998). The goods and services of
mangroves, such as habitat and water quality, receive no explicit value in
the model (the same as occurs in society). Mangroves and tides provide
the shrimp industry with clean water and productive habitats that
enhance wild post-larvae supply and shrimp yield in ponds. With the loss
of free services provided by natural resources, the costs of shrimp
production (providing post-larvae from hatcheries, dredging to remove
sediment, and pumping to control eutrophication) increase and profits
of the shrimp industry decrease (Twilley 1989; Twilley et al. 1998). As a
consequence, the combination of ecological models with economic analyses of the goods and services of mangroves may provide better techniques to evaluate the economic impacts of specific coastal zone management decisions.
References
Aiken D (1990) Shrimp farming in Ecuador, an aquaculture success story. World Aquacult 21:7-16
Arriaga L (1989) The Daule-Peripa dam project, urban development of Guayaquil and
their impact on shrimp mariculture. In: Olsen S, Arriaga L (eds) Establishing a
sustainable shrimp mariculture industry in Ecuador. University of Rhode Island,
technical report series TR-E-6, pp 147-162
Benner R, Weliky K, Hedges JI (1990) Early diagenesis of mangrove leaves in a tropical
estuary: molecular-level analyses of neutral sugars and lignin-derived phenols.
Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:1991-2001
Cardenas WB (1995) Patterns of phytoplankton distribution related to physical and chemical characteristics of the Guayas river estuary, Ecuador. MSc Thesis, University of
Southwestern Louisiana, Louisiana, USA
Chapman VJ (1976) Mangrove vegetation. Cramer, Vaduz
Cifuentes LA, Sharp JH, Fogel ML (1988) Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry in the Delaware estuary. Limnol Oceanogr 33:1102-1115
Cifuentes LA, Coffin RB, Solorzano L, Cardenas W, Espinosa J, Twilley RR ( 1996) Isotopic
and elemental variations of carbon and nitrogen in a mangrove estuary. Estuar Coast
Shelf Sci 43:781-800
Csavas I (1994) Important factors in the success of shrimp farming. World Aquacult
25:34-56
Cucal6n E (1983) Temperature, salinity, and water mass distribution off Ecuador during
an El Nino event in 1976. Rev Cienc Mar Limnol2:1-25
Cucal6n E (1986) Oceanographic characteristics off the coast of Ecuador. In: Olsen S,
Arriaga L (eds) Establishing a sustainable shrimp mariculture industry in Ecuador.
University of Rhode Island, technical report series TR-E-6, pp 185-194
de Arcos TV (1982) Mareas rojas en aguas ecuatorianas. Rev Cienc Mar Limnol
1:115-125
de Cajas LC (1982) Estudios del zooplancton marino en aquas ecuatorianas Eastropac
1,2 y 3. Rev Cienc Mar Limnol1:147-163
R.R. Twilley et al.
management decisions (Twilley et al. 1998). The goods and services of
mangroves, such as habitat and water quality, receive no explicit value in
the model (the same as occurs in society). Mangroves and tides provide
the shrimp industry with clean water and productive habitats that
enhance wild post-larvae supply and shrimp yield in ponds. With the loss
of free services provided by natural resources, the costs of shrimp
production (providing post-larvae from hatcheries, dredging to remove
sediment, and pumping to control eutrophication) increase and profits
of the shrimp industry decrease (Twilley 1989; Twilley et al. 1998). As a
consequence, the combination of ecological models with economic analyses of the goods and services of mangroves may provide better techniques to evaluate the economic impacts of specific coastal zone management decisions.
References
Aiken D (1990) Shrimp farming in Ecuador, an aquaculture success story. World Aquacult 21:7-16
Arriaga L (1989) The Daule-Peripa dam project, urban development of Guayaquil and
their impact on shrimp mariculture. In: Olsen S, Arriaga L (eds) Establishing a
sustainable shrimp mariculture industry in Ecuador. University of Rhode Island,
technical report series TR-E-6, pp 147-162
Benner R, Weliky K, Hedges JI (1990) Early diagenesis of mangrove leaves in a tropical
estuary: molecular-level analyses of neutral sugars and lignin-derived phenols.
Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:1991-2001
Cardenas WB (1995) Patterns of phytoplankton distribution related to physical and chemical characteristics of the Guayas river estuary, Ecuador. MSc Thesis, University of
Southwestern Louisiana, Louisiana, USA
Chapman VJ (1976) Mangrove vegetation. Cramer, Vaduz
Cifuentes LA, Sharp JH, Fogel ML (1988) Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry in the Delaware estuary. Limnol Oceanogr 33:1102-1115
Cifuentes LA, Coffin RB, Solorzano L, Cardenas W, Espinosa J, Twilley RR ( 1996) Isotopic
and elemental variations of carbon and nitrogen in a mangrove estuary. Estuar Coast
Shelf Sci 43:781-800
Csavas I (1994) Important factors in the success of shrimp farming. World Aquacult
25:34-56
Cucal6n E (1983) Temperature, salinity, and water mass distribution off Ecuador during
an El Nino event in 1976. Rev Cienc Mar Limnol2:1-25
Cucal6n E (1986) Oceanographic characteristics off the coast of Ecuador. In: Olsen S,
Arriaga L (eds) Establishing a sustainable shrimp mariculture industry in Ecuador.
University of Rhode Island, technical report series TR-E-6, pp 185-194
de Arcos TV (1982) Mareas rojas en aguas ecuatorianas. Rev Cienc Mar Limnol
1:115-125
de Cajas LC (1982) Estudios del zooplancton marino en aquas ecuatorianas Eastropac
1,2 y 3. Rev Cienc Mar Limnol1:147-163