82
4. Protocol for Aquatic Hazard Assessment
selenium to mallard ducklings. Archives ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology 17:561-568.
Heinz, G. H., D. J. Hoffman, and 1. G. Gold. 1989. Impaired reproduction of
mallards fed an organic form of selenium. Journal ofWildlife Management 53:418428.
Heinz, G. H., G. W. Pendleton, A. J. Krynitsky, and 1. G. Gold. 1990. Selenium
accumulation and elimination in mallards. Archives ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology 19:374-379.
Heinz, G. H. 1993. Re-exposure of mallards to selenium after chronic exposure.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 12: 1691-1694.
Heinz, G. H., and M. A. Fitzgerald. 1993a. Overwinter survival of mallards fed
selenium. Archives ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology 25:90-94.
Heinz, G. H., and M. A. Fitzgerald. 1993b. Reproduction of mallards following
overwinter exposure to selenium. Environmental Pollution 81:117-122.
Hermanutz, R. O. 1992. Malformation of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
in an ecosystem with elevated selenium concentrations. Bulletin ofEnvironmental
Contamination and Toxicology 49:290-294.
Hermanutz, R. 0., K. N. Allen, T. H. Roush, and S. F. Hedtke. 1992. Effects of
elevated selenium concentrations on bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) in outdoor
experimental streams. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11 :217-224.
Hicks, B. D., J. W. Hilton, and H. W. Ferguson. 1984. Influence of dietary selenium
on the occurrence of nephrocalcinosis in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri
Richardson. Journal ofFish Diseases 7:379-389.
Hilton, J. W., P. V. Hodson, and S. J. Slinger. 1980. The requirement and toxicity of
selenium in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Journal of Nutrition 110:25272535.
Hilton, J. W., and P. Y. Hodson. 1983. Effect of increased dietary carbohydrate on
selenium metabolism and toxicity in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Journal of
Nutrition 113:1241-1248.
Hodson, P. Y., and J. W. Hilton. 1983. The nutritional requirements and toxicity to
fish of dietary and waterborne selenium. Ecological Bulletin 35:335-340.
Hoffman, D. J., and G. H. Heinz. 1988. Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of
selenium in the diet of mallards. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health
24:477-490.
Hoffman, D. J., H. M. Ohlendorf, and T. W. Aldrich. 1988. Selenium teratogenesis
in natural populations of aquatic birds in central California. Archives ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology 17:519-525.
Hoffman, D. J., C. J. Sanderson, 1. J. LeCaptain, E. Cromartie, and G. W. Pendleton.
1991. Interactive effects of boron, selenium, and dietary protein on survival,
growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings. Archives ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology 20:288-294.
Hoffman, R. J., R. J. Hallock, T. G. Rowe, M. S. Lico, H. 1. Burge, and S. P. Thompson. 1990. Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment,
and biota associated with irrigation drainage in and near Stillwater Wildlife
Management Area, Churchill County, Nevada. Carson City, NY. U.S. Geological
Survey. Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4105.
Holland, E. A. 1979. Arsenic and selenium in the water, sediments, and biota near
a coal-fired power plant-Belews Lake, North Carolina. Master's thesis, Univer-
4. Protocol for Aquatic Hazard Assessment
selenium to mallard ducklings. Archives ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology 17:561-568.
Heinz, G. H., D. J. Hoffman, and 1. G. Gold. 1989. Impaired reproduction of
mallards fed an organic form of selenium. Journal ofWildlife Management 53:418428.
Heinz, G. H., G. W. Pendleton, A. J. Krynitsky, and 1. G. Gold. 1990. Selenium
accumulation and elimination in mallards. Archives ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology 19:374-379.
Heinz, G. H. 1993. Re-exposure of mallards to selenium after chronic exposure.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 12: 1691-1694.
Heinz, G. H., and M. A. Fitzgerald. 1993a. Overwinter survival of mallards fed
selenium. Archives ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology 25:90-94.
Heinz, G. H., and M. A. Fitzgerald. 1993b. Reproduction of mallards following
overwinter exposure to selenium. Environmental Pollution 81:117-122.
Hermanutz, R. O. 1992. Malformation of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
in an ecosystem with elevated selenium concentrations. Bulletin ofEnvironmental
Contamination and Toxicology 49:290-294.
Hermanutz, R. 0., K. N. Allen, T. H. Roush, and S. F. Hedtke. 1992. Effects of
elevated selenium concentrations on bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) in outdoor
experimental streams. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11 :217-224.
Hicks, B. D., J. W. Hilton, and H. W. Ferguson. 1984. Influence of dietary selenium
on the occurrence of nephrocalcinosis in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri
Richardson. Journal ofFish Diseases 7:379-389.
Hilton, J. W., P. V. Hodson, and S. J. Slinger. 1980. The requirement and toxicity of
selenium in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Journal of Nutrition 110:25272535.
Hilton, J. W., and P. Y. Hodson. 1983. Effect of increased dietary carbohydrate on
selenium metabolism and toxicity in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Journal of
Nutrition 113:1241-1248.
Hodson, P. Y., and J. W. Hilton. 1983. The nutritional requirements and toxicity to
fish of dietary and waterborne selenium. Ecological Bulletin 35:335-340.
Hoffman, D. J., and G. H. Heinz. 1988. Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of
selenium in the diet of mallards. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health
24:477-490.
Hoffman, D. J., H. M. Ohlendorf, and T. W. Aldrich. 1988. Selenium teratogenesis
in natural populations of aquatic birds in central California. Archives ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology 17:519-525.
Hoffman, D. J., C. J. Sanderson, 1. J. LeCaptain, E. Cromartie, and G. W. Pendleton.
1991. Interactive effects of boron, selenium, and dietary protein on survival,
growth, and physiology in mallard ducklings. Archives ofEnvironmental Contamination and Toxicology 20:288-294.
Hoffman, R. J., R. J. Hallock, T. G. Rowe, M. S. Lico, H. 1. Burge, and S. P. Thompson. 1990. Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment,
and biota associated with irrigation drainage in and near Stillwater Wildlife
Management Area, Churchill County, Nevada. Carson City, NY. U.S. Geological
Survey. Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4105.
Holland, E. A. 1979. Arsenic and selenium in the water, sediments, and biota near
a coal-fired power plant-Belews Lake, North Carolina. Master's thesis, Univer-