152
9. Emerging Selenium Contamination Issues
pose the most serious long-term threat to aquatic habitats and fishery
resources. The cascade of events leading to toxic impacts has already
started at some locations. Only environmentally sound hazard assessments followed by appropriate management actions can prevent selenium poisoning from taking place. The methods and guidelines in this
book should prove useful in the assessment and resolution of new selenium issues in the United States and elsewhere.
References
Besser, J. M., T. J. Canfield, and T. W. La Point. 1993. Bioaccumulation of organic
and inorganic selenium in a laboratory food chain. Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry 12:57-72.
Chevron. 2000. Richmond refinery water enhancement wetland 5-year wetland
management plan 1999 status update. Richmond, CA. Chevron Richmond Refinery.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 1991. Permit for solid waste disposal and/or
processing facility-No. 301106. Harrisburg, PA. Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources.
Desborough, G., E. DeWitt, J. Jones, A. Meier, and G. Meeker. 1999. Preliminary
mineralogical and chemical studies related to the potential mobility of selenium
and associated elements in Phosphoria Formation strata, southeastern Idaho.
Denver, CO. U.S. Geological Survey. Open-File Report 99-129.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1998. Wastes from the combustion
of coal by electric utility power plants-Report to Congress. Washington, DC.
USEPA. EPA/530-SW-98-002.
Glasgow, H. B., Jr., J. M. Burkholder, D. E. Schmechel, P. A. Tester, andP. A. Rublee.
1995. Insidious effects of a toxic estuarine dinoflagellate on fish survival and
human health. Journal ofToxicology and Environmental Health 46:501-522.
Hansen, D., P. J. Duda, A. Zayed, and N. Terry. 1998. Selenium removal by constructed wetlands: Role of biological volatilization. Environmental Science and
Technology 32: 591-597.
Herring, J. R., G. A. Desborough, S. A. Wilson, R. G. Tysdal, R.1. Grauch, and M. E.
Gunter. 1999. Chemical composition of weathered and unweathered strata of
the Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation. A. Measured sections A and B, central part of Rasmussen Ridge, Caribou
County, Idaho. Denver, CO. U.S. Geological Survey. Open-File Report 99147-A.
Lemly, A. D. 1985. Ecological basis for regulating aquatic emissions from the
power industry: The case with selenium. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
5:465-486.
Lemly, A. D., S. E. Finger, and M. K. Nelson. 1993. Sources and impacts of irrigation drainwater contaminants in arid wetlands. Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry 12:2265-2279.
Lemly, A. D. 1999. Preliminary assessment of selenium hazards on Caribou National Forest, Idaho. Blacksburg, VA. U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research
9. Emerging Selenium Contamination Issues
pose the most serious long-term threat to aquatic habitats and fishery
resources. The cascade of events leading to toxic impacts has already
started at some locations. Only environmentally sound hazard assessments followed by appropriate management actions can prevent selenium poisoning from taking place. The methods and guidelines in this
book should prove useful in the assessment and resolution of new selenium issues in the United States and elsewhere.
References
Besser, J. M., T. J. Canfield, and T. W. La Point. 1993. Bioaccumulation of organic
and inorganic selenium in a laboratory food chain. Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry 12:57-72.
Chevron. 2000. Richmond refinery water enhancement wetland 5-year wetland
management plan 1999 status update. Richmond, CA. Chevron Richmond Refinery.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 1991. Permit for solid waste disposal and/or
processing facility-No. 301106. Harrisburg, PA. Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources.
Desborough, G., E. DeWitt, J. Jones, A. Meier, and G. Meeker. 1999. Preliminary
mineralogical and chemical studies related to the potential mobility of selenium
and associated elements in Phosphoria Formation strata, southeastern Idaho.
Denver, CO. U.S. Geological Survey. Open-File Report 99-129.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1998. Wastes from the combustion
of coal by electric utility power plants-Report to Congress. Washington, DC.
USEPA. EPA/530-SW-98-002.
Glasgow, H. B., Jr., J. M. Burkholder, D. E. Schmechel, P. A. Tester, andP. A. Rublee.
1995. Insidious effects of a toxic estuarine dinoflagellate on fish survival and
human health. Journal ofToxicology and Environmental Health 46:501-522.
Hansen, D., P. J. Duda, A. Zayed, and N. Terry. 1998. Selenium removal by constructed wetlands: Role of biological volatilization. Environmental Science and
Technology 32: 591-597.
Herring, J. R., G. A. Desborough, S. A. Wilson, R. G. Tysdal, R.1. Grauch, and M. E.
Gunter. 1999. Chemical composition of weathered and unweathered strata of
the Meade Peak phosphatic shale member of the Permian Phosphoria Formation. A. Measured sections A and B, central part of Rasmussen Ridge, Caribou
County, Idaho. Denver, CO. U.S. Geological Survey. Open-File Report 99147-A.
Lemly, A. D. 1985. Ecological basis for regulating aquatic emissions from the
power industry: The case with selenium. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
5:465-486.
Lemly, A. D., S. E. Finger, and M. K. Nelson. 1993. Sources and impacts of irrigation drainwater contaminants in arid wetlands. Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry 12:2265-2279.
Lemly, A. D. 1999. Preliminary assessment of selenium hazards on Caribou National Forest, Idaho. Blacksburg, VA. U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research