3. Sulfur Cycling in Coastal Upwelling Systems
55
and reconstruct but also to indicate new observation sites, flaws in model
assumptions, and inequities in spatial and temporal representation. The
results presented unequivocally indicate that to understand the components of the DMS feedback and the many other biogeochemical cycles, the
variables involved must be represented in complex detail, and how those
details piece together must be exactingly represented. Such data are
limited but will form the furture work to elucidate further not only the
DMS feedback but the operations of the processes involved in environmental change.
The DMS model aimed to simulate the DMS feedback using numerical
modeling techniques and thereby to identify whether such a feedback is
operable. The population biology functions incorporated into the model
exerted a large influence, although the energy balance model (EBM) used
is particularly stable. The most obvious feature of the incorporation of
DMS-producing populations into the model is the significant amelioration
of the surface temperature, a consequence noted by Charlson et al.
(1987). This amelioration of the climate has many repercussions, including
the role of DMS in the impact of the greenhouse effect (Charlson &
Wigley, 1994).
References
Barnard , W.R. , Andreae, M.O ., and Iverson, R.L. 1984. Dimeth ylsulfide and
Phaeocystis pouchetti in the southern Bering Sea. Can Sh Res, 3, 103-113.
Chameides, W.L., and Davis, D.D . 1982. Chemistry in the troposphere. Chern
Eng News, 60, 39-52.
Charlson, R.J. , Lovelock, J.E., Andreae, M.O ., and Warren, S.G . 1987. Oceanic
phytoplankton, atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo and climate. Nature, 326,
655-661.
Charlson, R.J., and Wigley, T .M.L. 1994. Sulfate aerosols and climatic change.
Sci Am , 270, 48-57.
Cooper, W.J., Cooper, D.J., Saltzman, E.S., and Zika, R.G. 1987. Distribution
of dimethylsulfide in oceanic environments. Am Chern Soc.
Dacey, J.W.H. 1987. A role for marine herbivores in the formation of marine
dimethylsufide. Am Chern Soc.
Ferek, R.J., Chatfield, R.B., and Andreae, M.O. 1986. Vertical distribution of
dimethylsulfide in the marine atmosphere. Nature, 320, 514-516.
Gorshkov, S.G . 1979. World Ocean Atlas. Vol. 2: Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
Oxford, England : Pergamon Press.
Haas, P. 1935. The liberation of methyl sulfide by seaweed. Biochem J, 29,
1297-1299.
Henderson-Sellers, A., and McGuffie, K. 1987. A climate modeling primer.
Chichester, England: Wiley.
Iida, H., Nakamura, K., and Tokunaga, T. 1985. Dimethyl sulfide and dimethylbeta-propiothetin in sea algae. Bull Japan Soc Sci Fish, 51, 1145-1150.
Liss, P.S., and Slater, P.G . 1974. Flux of gases across the air-sea interface.
Nature, 247, 181-184.
Lovelock, J.E., Maggs, R.J ., and Rasmussen, R.A. 1972. Atmospheric dimethyl
sulfide and the natural sulfur cycle. Nature, 237, 452-453.
55
and reconstruct but also to indicate new observation sites, flaws in model
assumptions, and inequities in spatial and temporal representation. The
results presented unequivocally indicate that to understand the components of the DMS feedback and the many other biogeochemical cycles, the
variables involved must be represented in complex detail, and how those
details piece together must be exactingly represented. Such data are
limited but will form the furture work to elucidate further not only the
DMS feedback but the operations of the processes involved in environmental change.
The DMS model aimed to simulate the DMS feedback using numerical
modeling techniques and thereby to identify whether such a feedback is
operable. The population biology functions incorporated into the model
exerted a large influence, although the energy balance model (EBM) used
is particularly stable. The most obvious feature of the incorporation of
DMS-producing populations into the model is the significant amelioration
of the surface temperature, a consequence noted by Charlson et al.
(1987). This amelioration of the climate has many repercussions, including
the role of DMS in the impact of the greenhouse effect (Charlson &
Wigley, 1994).
References
Barnard , W.R. , Andreae, M.O ., and Iverson, R.L. 1984. Dimeth ylsulfide and
Phaeocystis pouchetti in the southern Bering Sea. Can Sh Res, 3, 103-113.
Chameides, W.L., and Davis, D.D . 1982. Chemistry in the troposphere. Chern
Eng News, 60, 39-52.
Charlson, R.J. , Lovelock, J.E., Andreae, M.O ., and Warren, S.G . 1987. Oceanic
phytoplankton, atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo and climate. Nature, 326,
655-661.
Charlson, R.J., and Wigley, T .M.L. 1994. Sulfate aerosols and climatic change.
Sci Am , 270, 48-57.
Cooper, W.J., Cooper, D.J., Saltzman, E.S., and Zika, R.G. 1987. Distribution
of dimethylsulfide in oceanic environments. Am Chern Soc.
Dacey, J.W.H. 1987. A role for marine herbivores in the formation of marine
dimethylsufide. Am Chern Soc.
Ferek, R.J., Chatfield, R.B., and Andreae, M.O. 1986. Vertical distribution of
dimethylsulfide in the marine atmosphere. Nature, 320, 514-516.
Gorshkov, S.G . 1979. World Ocean Atlas. Vol. 2: Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
Oxford, England : Pergamon Press.
Haas, P. 1935. The liberation of methyl sulfide by seaweed. Biochem J, 29,
1297-1299.
Henderson-Sellers, A., and McGuffie, K. 1987. A climate modeling primer.
Chichester, England: Wiley.
Iida, H., Nakamura, K., and Tokunaga, T. 1985. Dimethyl sulfide and dimethylbeta-propiothetin in sea algae. Bull Japan Soc Sci Fish, 51, 1145-1150.
Liss, P.S., and Slater, P.G . 1974. Flux of gases across the air-sea interface.
Nature, 247, 181-184.
Lovelock, J.E., Maggs, R.J ., and Rasmussen, R.A. 1972. Atmospheric dimethyl
sulfide and the natural sulfur cycle. Nature, 237, 452-453.