22
R.G . Lawford
T-2 = temperature 2° South
T+ 1 = temperature 1° North
T +2 = temperature 2° North
The resultant graph , shown in Figure 1.12, has a general trend similar
to that reported by Terborgh (1992) north of the equator, where values of
I1YII1T are generally large within 25° of the equator. On the other hand,
the temperature gradient along the west coast of South America is more
variable than the corresponding gradient in North America. In part, this
is the result of highly variable elevations in the 10°S to 30°S latitude band
that affect surface temperatures. This result suggests that the effect of the
elevation of the Andes is sufficiently large to limit the utility of general
relationships such as the biodiversity relationship from Terborgh for the
west coast of South America. However, the graph does show high values
for I1YII1T near 38°S, an area of high biodiversity where the cohabitation
of rainforest and Mediterranean-type scrublands occurs (Arroyo et aI.,
this volume) .
Controls on Dry Matter Productivity
Temperature and precipitation have been related to biomass productivity .
Lieth (1975) derived two equations for biomass productivity: one that
related dry matter productivity to mean annual temperature, and one that
related it to annual precipitation. According to his methodology, productivity can be computed using Equation (1.4).
.~-.. ~.. ... •.•.. .....• .•. •....•....
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3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
-60 -50 -40 ·30 -20 -10 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
degrees of latitude
Figure 1.12. Smoothed distribution of lJ.Y/lJ.T with latitude for the west coasts of
North and South America.
1.0.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
P 6.0
:g 5.0
C 4.0
R.G . Lawford
T-2 = temperature 2° South
T+ 1 = temperature 1° North
T +2 = temperature 2° North
The resultant graph , shown in Figure 1.12, has a general trend similar
to that reported by Terborgh (1992) north of the equator, where values of
I1YII1T are generally large within 25° of the equator. On the other hand,
the temperature gradient along the west coast of South America is more
variable than the corresponding gradient in North America. In part, this
is the result of highly variable elevations in the 10°S to 30°S latitude band
that affect surface temperatures. This result suggests that the effect of the
elevation of the Andes is sufficiently large to limit the utility of general
relationships such as the biodiversity relationship from Terborgh for the
west coast of South America. However, the graph does show high values
for I1YII1T near 38°S, an area of high biodiversity where the cohabitation
of rainforest and Mediterranean-type scrublands occurs (Arroyo et aI.,
this volume) .
Controls on Dry Matter Productivity
Temperature and precipitation have been related to biomass productivity .
Lieth (1975) derived two equations for biomass productivity: one that
related dry matter productivity to mean annual temperature, and one that
related it to annual precipitation. According to his methodology, productivity can be computed using Equation (1.4).
.~-.. ~.. ... •.•.. .....• .•. •....•....
··M ·.·'·•• · .. ... .._ •• M • • • • .•.• .• ··'. M ·.' •.•* .. ·· •·•· ·•.M.*·······
* .... M · ···.M .
I· ·
•••••• * * . •fi. ······_······.. .. .... . ..... •.. .•.•.•••.•* .. ... ........
... .- .•..
" M' .•.. * . ..• . .• ,.. •* .•. ..• •.• .. . ._ .•M •• * .•.. _ . .. .··. *.*.... * ... . .. ... . _ .•• . .... ..
_.. . "....,"
....••....•_-.**•.•••~*_••••_ • •• _ • • ............ ........_... ...... _...._.. ....
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::: :t:
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:l[fl}~ f::~_:
.s:»: : ~· ·~:ft~·
•...... .. .......-.........~..
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
-60 -50 -40 ·30 -20 -10 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
degrees of latitude
Figure 1.12. Smoothed distribution of lJ.Y/lJ.T with latitude for the west coasts of
North and South America.
1.0.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
P 6.0
:g 5.0
C 4.0