402
Index
Pacific Ocean, moderating influence on
climate, North American west
coast , 29
Pacific silver fir. See Abies amabi/is
Panama, pollination by hummingbirds
in,260
PAR (Photosynthetically active radiation) , 93-94
Patagonia
disturbance by earthquakes, history,
186
effects of temperature variations, 202
precipitation reconstruction, millennium, 82
rainforest zone
diversity in, 155, 179-180
vascular plant species of, 152
Patch dynamics, and forested ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest,
283-303
Patch-matrix model, 296-298, 300
patch-matrix interaction rules, 301
Pencil pines (Athrotaxis cupressoides),
fire in stands of , 332
Percas, effect of exotic salmon on, in
Chilean lakes, 276
Percolation theory, application to ecology,370
Perhumid rainforest zone
characterization of, 174
in Chile, 124-125
landslides in, effects on ecology, 186187
in North America, 106
colonization of volcanic terrains,
188
effects of black-tailed deer on forests, 198
effects of disturbance on diversity
in, 122
historic use of fire in, 199
insect outbreaks in, 196
landscape-level diversity in, 121122
natural fires in, 194, 195
old-growth forest in, 201
stand development in, 184
vascular plant species diversity in,
119-120
temperature range, North and South
America, 140
vegetation of, North America, 180181
Permafrost, and Total Organic Carbon
transport, 24
Persea lingue, in old tree stands, 182
Phenology
flowering, 255-256
fruiting , 256
Phosphorus, as a limiting nutrient
in British Columbian lakes, 274
in Carnation Creek watershed, 349
Photosynthesis
models describing, 90
effect of carbon dioxide concentration, 315
and moisture stress, in Chamaecyparis, 115
in old-growth forests , 95
Photosynthetically active radiation
(PAR), constraints on utilization
of ,93-94
Physiochemical characteristics, rainforest lakes, Chile and British Columbia , 270
Phytogeographic relationships, cool
temperate rainforest, southern
South America, 134-169
Phytomass, of the west coast, North
America, Ill. See also Biomass
Phytophthora cinnamomi, 333
response to global climate change, 334
Phytoplankton
interactions with zooplankton, 48, 49
production of dimethylsulfide by, 43
in rainforest lakes, Chile and British
Columbia, 271
Picea abies, distribution in southern
Scandinavia, 109
Picea engelmanii (Engelmann spruce),
maximum-latewood density studies, Alberta, 81
Picea glauca (White spruce), 78
Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce), 113, 180
genetic diversity of , 112
history of, 113
stand development, 185
after glaciation, 190
Index
Pacific Ocean, moderating influence on
climate, North American west
coast , 29
Pacific silver fir. See Abies amabi/is
Panama, pollination by hummingbirds
in,260
PAR (Photosynthetically active radiation) , 93-94
Patagonia
disturbance by earthquakes, history,
186
effects of temperature variations, 202
precipitation reconstruction, millennium, 82
rainforest zone
diversity in, 155, 179-180
vascular plant species of, 152
Patch dynamics, and forested ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest,
283-303
Patch-matrix model, 296-298, 300
patch-matrix interaction rules, 301
Pencil pines (Athrotaxis cupressoides),
fire in stands of , 332
Percas, effect of exotic salmon on, in
Chilean lakes, 276
Percolation theory, application to ecology,370
Perhumid rainforest zone
characterization of, 174
in Chile, 124-125
landslides in, effects on ecology, 186187
in North America, 106
colonization of volcanic terrains,
188
effects of black-tailed deer on forests, 198
effects of disturbance on diversity
in, 122
historic use of fire in, 199
insect outbreaks in, 196
landscape-level diversity in, 121122
natural fires in, 194, 195
old-growth forest in, 201
stand development in, 184
vascular plant species diversity in,
119-120
temperature range, North and South
America, 140
vegetation of, North America, 180181
Permafrost, and Total Organic Carbon
transport, 24
Persea lingue, in old tree stands, 182
Phenology
flowering, 255-256
fruiting , 256
Phosphorus, as a limiting nutrient
in British Columbian lakes, 274
in Carnation Creek watershed, 349
Photosynthesis
models describing, 90
effect of carbon dioxide concentration, 315
and moisture stress, in Chamaecyparis, 115
in old-growth forests , 95
Photosynthetically active radiation
(PAR), constraints on utilization
of ,93-94
Physiochemical characteristics, rainforest lakes, Chile and British Columbia , 270
Phytogeographic relationships, cool
temperate rainforest, southern
South America, 134-169
Phytomass, of the west coast, North
America, Ill. See also Biomass
Phytophthora cinnamomi, 333
response to global climate change, 334
Phytoplankton
interactions with zooplankton, 48, 49
production of dimethylsulfide by, 43
in rainforest lakes, Chile and British
Columbia, 271
Picea abies, distribution in southern
Scandinavia, 109
Picea engelmanii (Engelmann spruce),
maximum-latewood density studies, Alberta, 81
Picea glauca (White spruce), 78
Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce), 113, 180
genetic diversity of , 112
history of, 113
stand development, 185
after glaciation, 190