Index
397
Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (GCTE) , 28
Global Climate Model (GCM), Canadian Climate Centre, 38-39
Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), 28
Global warming
effect on coastal upwelling, 38-39
effect on pathogens, 334
evaluation of trends, from AMIGO
project data, 83-84
long-term effects of
Chilean and British Columbian
lakes, 276-277
controversy over, 306-307
prediction from models, 309
Gondwanaland, species traceable to
in South America, 146
in South America and Australia, 323,
326
GPP (Gross primary production), percentage required to maintain sapwood, and temperature, 95-96
Greenhouse gases, and biological
changes, 21
Gross primary production (GPP), percentage required to maintain sapwood, and temperature, 95-96
Groundwater, levels of, after logging,
347
Growing-degree days, defined, 107
Growth rate, genetic control of, 113
Guanacos (Lama guanicoe) , effect of
grazing by, on forest dynamics,
195
Guilds, avian
assignment to, 230-231
defined, 230
frugivorous, comparisons among
temperate forest ecosystems,
260
plant-bird mutualism structured
around,248
regional comparisons, by species and
by abundance, 240-241
structure of, 235-237, 244
comparisons for temperate forests,
236,237-242
and keystone species, 256-258
Guilds, plant, hummingbird-pollinated,
259
Gunnera chilensis, colonization of moraines, 189
Gymnosperms
distribution in North and South
American rainforests, 152
diversity of, Tasmania, 326
H
Habitat, fragmentation of, effect on adaptation to change, 308
Hardwoods
absence of, west coast rainforests,
North America, 110
in deglaciation sites, 190
growing conditions for, 116-117
Hares, European (Lepus capensis), effects on forests, in Patagonia,
197
Harvesting , and diversity, 366
Heat balance, variation between north
and south, west coasts of the
Americas , 16-17
Heat flux
latent, and evaporative demand, 17
sensible, latent, and ground, 6
Heat stress, accompanying climate
change,312
Hemlocks. See entries for Tsuga
Herbivores, disturbance by, 195-197, 204
Herbs, understory, microclimate and diversityof, 120-121
Herptiles, numbers of, temperate evergreen forests, 216
Heterogeneity, Pacific Northwest
spatial, 286-292
temporal, 292-295
Hierarchy, of biodiversity, 354, 359360
Hierarchy theory, 283, 288
Hippocamelus bisulcus (Huemul deer),
195
History
climate and tree growth, western
Americas, 75-85, 214-215
determination of forest composition
by, 16
397
Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (GCTE) , 28
Global Climate Model (GCM), Canadian Climate Centre, 38-39
Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), 28
Global warming
effect on coastal upwelling, 38-39
effect on pathogens, 334
evaluation of trends, from AMIGO
project data, 83-84
long-term effects of
Chilean and British Columbian
lakes, 276-277
controversy over, 306-307
prediction from models, 309
Gondwanaland, species traceable to
in South America, 146
in South America and Australia, 323,
326
GPP (Gross primary production), percentage required to maintain sapwood, and temperature, 95-96
Greenhouse gases, and biological
changes, 21
Gross primary production (GPP), percentage required to maintain sapwood, and temperature, 95-96
Groundwater, levels of, after logging,
347
Growing-degree days, defined, 107
Growth rate, genetic control of, 113
Guanacos (Lama guanicoe) , effect of
grazing by, on forest dynamics,
195
Guilds, avian
assignment to, 230-231
defined, 230
frugivorous, comparisons among
temperate forest ecosystems,
260
plant-bird mutualism structured
around,248
regional comparisons, by species and
by abundance, 240-241
structure of, 235-237, 244
comparisons for temperate forests,
236,237-242
and keystone species, 256-258
Guilds, plant, hummingbird-pollinated,
259
Gunnera chilensis, colonization of moraines, 189
Gymnosperms
distribution in North and South
American rainforests, 152
diversity of, Tasmania, 326
H
Habitat, fragmentation of, effect on adaptation to change, 308
Hardwoods
absence of, west coast rainforests,
North America, 110
in deglaciation sites, 190
growing conditions for, 116-117
Hares, European (Lepus capensis), effects on forests, in Patagonia,
197
Harvesting , and diversity, 366
Heat balance, variation between north
and south, west coasts of the
Americas , 16-17
Heat flux
latent, and evaporative demand, 17
sensible, latent, and ground, 6
Heat stress, accompanying climate
change,312
Hemlocks. See entries for Tsuga
Herbivores, disturbance by, 195-197, 204
Herbs, understory, microclimate and diversityof, 120-121
Herptiles, numbers of, temperate evergreen forests, 216
Heterogeneity, Pacific Northwest
spatial, 286-292
temporal, 292-295
Hierarchy, of biodiversity, 354, 359360
Hierarchy theory, 283, 288
Hippocamelus bisulcus (Huemul deer),
195
History
climate and tree growth, western
Americas, 75-85, 214-215
determination of forest composition
by, 16