344
E.D. Hetherington
activities. Since 1986, other agencies have contributed more directly to
funding field operations.
Study Design
The original project had three phases: prelogging (1971-1975), active
logging (1976-1981), and postlogging (1982-1986) . A total of 40% of the
watershed area above the main weir was clearcut in patches ranging from
7 to 64 ha (which merged to form a continuous clearcut) using high-lead
and grapple cable yarding techniques. Monitoring has continued in the
watershed since 1986, and an additional 11% was logged up to 1993.
Silvicultural treatments included prescribed burning of slash, reforestation,
some scarification, and use of herbicides in the floodplain. The experiment
was designed to evaluate the impacts of three streamside forest management treatments on Carnation Creek (1) a leave strip of variable width
(between the main weir B and the western edge of the 76-77 opening in
(Figure 17.1)), (2) an intensive treatment where both sides of the stream
were logged and the stream channel was disturbed by debris and yarding
(76-77 opening) , and (3) a careful treatment leaving riparian brush and
avoiding channel bank and bed disturbance (78-79 opening). There were
no separate controls for these treatments , but four other streams were
monitored as external controls for stream biota. Within the constraints of
experimental design, normal planning procedures and logging operations
were followed. However, treatment 2 is no longer permitted for salmon
streams. An additional herbicide treatment experiment took place in
1984-1986 (Reynolds , 1989).
Streamflow was measured at 5 weirs and precipitation at 10 sites (Figure
17.1) , groundwater levels were measured at a number of locations
(Hetherington, 1982, 1989) and two unlogged tributaries (C and E) served
as hydrological controls (Figure 17.1). Additional facilities included
a major weather station at site A , thermographs for air and water temperatures at 15 sites, an automatic sediment sampler at B weir , and a
permanent fish counting fence (Figure 17.1). A permanent field camp was
staffed year round until June 1990.
The impacts of forestry operations were evaluated by studies of both
terrestrial and stream processes (Hartman & Scrivener, 1990). Instream
studies covered fish life stages, population dynamics, and behavior; basic
stream productivity, including aquatic insects , detritus, and algae as well
as fish; fish habitat, including the role of side channels and large woody
debris; changes in gravel quality, channel morphology, and woody debris ;
suspended sediment; water temperature and chemistry; stream discharge
and possible changes after logging; and bedload movement. Terrestrial
studies included soil and vegetation classification; soil disturbance;
revegetation patterns ; landslides; hillslope, and floodpl ain groundwater
E.D. Hetherington
activities. Since 1986, other agencies have contributed more directly to
funding field operations.
Study Design
The original project had three phases: prelogging (1971-1975), active
logging (1976-1981), and postlogging (1982-1986) . A total of 40% of the
watershed area above the main weir was clearcut in patches ranging from
7 to 64 ha (which merged to form a continuous clearcut) using high-lead
and grapple cable yarding techniques. Monitoring has continued in the
watershed since 1986, and an additional 11% was logged up to 1993.
Silvicultural treatments included prescribed burning of slash, reforestation,
some scarification, and use of herbicides in the floodplain. The experiment
was designed to evaluate the impacts of three streamside forest management treatments on Carnation Creek (1) a leave strip of variable width
(between the main weir B and the western edge of the 76-77 opening in
(Figure 17.1)), (2) an intensive treatment where both sides of the stream
were logged and the stream channel was disturbed by debris and yarding
(76-77 opening) , and (3) a careful treatment leaving riparian brush and
avoiding channel bank and bed disturbance (78-79 opening). There were
no separate controls for these treatments , but four other streams were
monitored as external controls for stream biota. Within the constraints of
experimental design, normal planning procedures and logging operations
were followed. However, treatment 2 is no longer permitted for salmon
streams. An additional herbicide treatment experiment took place in
1984-1986 (Reynolds , 1989).
Streamflow was measured at 5 weirs and precipitation at 10 sites (Figure
17.1) , groundwater levels were measured at a number of locations
(Hetherington, 1982, 1989) and two unlogged tributaries (C and E) served
as hydrological controls (Figure 17.1). Additional facilities included
a major weather station at site A , thermographs for air and water temperatures at 15 sites, an automatic sediment sampler at B weir , and a
permanent fish counting fence (Figure 17.1). A permanent field camp was
staffed year round until June 1990.
The impacts of forestry operations were evaluated by studies of both
terrestrial and stream processes (Hartman & Scrivener, 1990). Instream
studies covered fish life stages, population dynamics, and behavior; basic
stream productivity, including aquatic insects , detritus, and algae as well
as fish; fish habitat, including the role of side channels and large woody
debris; changes in gravel quality, channel morphology, and woody debris ;
suspended sediment; water temperature and chemistry; stream discharge
and possible changes after logging; and bedload movement. Terrestrial
studies included soil and vegetation classification; soil disturbance;
revegetation patterns ; landslides; hillslope, and floodpl ain groundwater