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around the world. Success in this realm will require making comprehensive plans
including new perspectives (e.g., energy, resources, food, global warming countermeasures) and further effective use of the ocean, as well as the incorporation of both
terrestrial and marine environments in city master plans.
Recently, the traditional Japanese managed landscapes of satoyama (terrestrial–
aquatic ecosystems including secondary forests, plantations, grasslands, agricultural fields, pasture, and irrigation ponds and canals) and satoumi (marine–coastal
ecosystems including seashore, rocky shore, tidal flats, and seaweed and eelgrass
beds) have gained recognition (Japanese Ministry of the Environment 2018). These
concepts highlight the importance of reviewing location and effectively utilizing the
local resources for future regional planning and management. These reviews should
assess the region’s existing capital (nature, companies, universities, citizens) and
identify new values to edit and make the best use of the capital. For marine coastal
cities, implementation of blue carbon initiatives will become an important element
of satoumi and a fundamentally unavoidable basis for management.
Acknowledgments We thank Yokohama Municipal Fishery Cooperative, Yokohama Hakkeijima
Inc., Yokohama Seaside Triathlon Convention Executive Committee, Yokohama City University,
Yokohama Blue Carbon Review Committee, and local wind surfers for their cooperation in the
Yokohama Blue Carbon Project.
References
Abo K, Sugimatsu K, Hori M et al (2018) Quantifying the fate of captured carbon: from seagrass
meadow to deep sea. In: Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems:
carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer, Singapore, pp 251–271
Embodied Energy and Emission Intensity Data for Japan Using Input-Output Tables (2005) http://
www.cger.nies.go.jp/publications/report/d031/eng/index_e.htm. Accessed 17 June 2018
Endo H, Nakai K (2012) Empirical study of the efficiency of the system of large-scale renovation cultivation of seaweed. Iwate Prefectural Fisheries Technology and Development Center
Annual Report. http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/3030185488. Accessed 17 June 2018
Hasegawa K, Suzuki S (2005) Work analysis of harvesting and salt-preserved wakame seaweed
(Undaria pinnatifida) processing. Technical report of National Research Institute of Fisheries
Engineering, vol 27, pp 61–80
Hori M, Bayne CJ, Kuwae T, Hori M (2018) Blue carbon: characteristics of the ocean’s sequestration and storage ability of carbon dioxide. In: Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue carbon in shallow
coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer, Singapore, pp
1–31
Japan Construction Machinery and Construction Association (2013) Calculation table of loss on
construction machinery. http://jcmanet.or.jp/tosho/2013/1305101.pdf. Accessed 17 June 2018
Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry (2010) http://www.jemai.or.jp/english/. Accessed 17 June 2018
Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry (2012) https://www.cfp-japan.jp/english/. Accessed 17 June 2018
Japan Food Machinery Manufacturers’ Association (2012) General catalogues for food machinery
of Japan, 174 p
12 Carbon Offset Utilizing Coastal Waters: Yokohama Blue Carbon Project
around the world. Success in this realm will require making comprehensive plans
including new perspectives (e.g., energy, resources, food, global warming countermeasures) and further effective use of the ocean, as well as the incorporation of both
terrestrial and marine environments in city master plans.
Recently, the traditional Japanese managed landscapes of satoyama (terrestrial–
aquatic ecosystems including secondary forests, plantations, grasslands, agricultural fields, pasture, and irrigation ponds and canals) and satoumi (marine–coastal
ecosystems including seashore, rocky shore, tidal flats, and seaweed and eelgrass
beds) have gained recognition (Japanese Ministry of the Environment 2018). These
concepts highlight the importance of reviewing location and effectively utilizing the
local resources for future regional planning and management. These reviews should
assess the region’s existing capital (nature, companies, universities, citizens) and
identify new values to edit and make the best use of the capital. For marine coastal
cities, implementation of blue carbon initiatives will become an important element
of satoumi and a fundamentally unavoidable basis for management.
Acknowledgments We thank Yokohama Municipal Fishery Cooperative, Yokohama Hakkeijima
Inc., Yokohama Seaside Triathlon Convention Executive Committee, Yokohama City University,
Yokohama Blue Carbon Review Committee, and local wind surfers for their cooperation in the
Yokohama Blue Carbon Project.
References
Abo K, Sugimatsu K, Hori M et al (2018) Quantifying the fate of captured carbon: from seagrass
meadow to deep sea. In: Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems:
carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer, Singapore, pp 251–271
Embodied Energy and Emission Intensity Data for Japan Using Input-Output Tables (2005) http://
www.cger.nies.go.jp/publications/report/d031/eng/index_e.htm. Accessed 17 June 2018
Endo H, Nakai K (2012) Empirical study of the efficiency of the system of large-scale renovation cultivation of seaweed. Iwate Prefectural Fisheries Technology and Development Center
Annual Report. http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/3030185488. Accessed 17 June 2018
Hasegawa K, Suzuki S (2005) Work analysis of harvesting and salt-preserved wakame seaweed
(Undaria pinnatifida) processing. Technical report of National Research Institute of Fisheries
Engineering, vol 27, pp 61–80
Hori M, Bayne CJ, Kuwae T, Hori M (2018) Blue carbon: characteristics of the ocean’s sequestration and storage ability of carbon dioxide. In: Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue carbon in shallow
coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy, and implementation. Springer, Singapore, pp
1–31
Japan Construction Machinery and Construction Association (2013) Calculation table of loss on
construction machinery. http://jcmanet.or.jp/tosho/2013/1305101.pdf. Accessed 17 June 2018
Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry (2010) http://www.jemai.or.jp/english/. Accessed 17 June 2018
Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry (2012) https://www.cfp-japan.jp/english/. Accessed 17 June 2018
Japan Food Machinery Manufacturers’ Association (2012) General catalogues for food machinery
of Japan, 174 p
12 Carbon Offset Utilizing Coastal Waters: Yokohama Blue Carbon Project