308
Table 11.2 Previous reports of SCEs affected by both seawater and fresh water (salinity range limited to 1–33) that act as net atmospheric CO
2 sinks
Location
Site condition
Flux and measurement condition
References
Land use
Treated
wastewater
input
Stratification
Hypoxic
water
mass
Chl-a
(μg/L)
CO
2 uptake
rate (mmol C/
m
2
/day)
Measurement
interval
Measurement
season
Estuarine systems
Noordwijk
Urban/
farmland
Yes
Yes
–
–
<20.0
24 h
continuous
September
Bakker et al. (1996)
York River
estuary
Urban/
forest
Yes
Yes
–
–
2.1–5.6
Daytime
snapshot
November to
April
Raymond et al. (2000)
Randers Fjord Farmland Yes
Yes
No
2–6
10.0
24 h
April
Gazeau et al. (2005)
Tendo lagoon
Farmland No
Yes
Yes
8–27
3.0–17.7
Snapshot
March to
December
Kone et al. (2009),
Kouame et al. (2009)
Aby lagoon
Farmland No
Yes
Yes
–
7.4
Snapshot
Annual
average
Kone et al. (2009),
Kouame et al. (2009)
Changjiang
estuary
Urban/
farmland
Yes
Yes
Yes
0–18
0.7
Snapshot
Annual
average
Zhai and Dai (2009)
Bellamy River
estuary
Urban/
farmland
No
–
–
3–7
12.0
–
April
Hunt et al. (2011)
Oyster River
estuary
Urban/
farmland
Yes
–
–
4–5
17.2
–
April
Hunt et al. (2011)
Neuse River
estuary
Urban/
farmland
Yes
Yes
–
7–20
0.5
Daytime
continuous
Annual
average
Crosswell et al. (2012)
Neuse River
estuary
Urban/
farmland
Yes
Yes
–
–
0.1
Day/night
Annual
average
Crosswell et al. (2017)
Godthabsfjord Icecap
–
–
–
–
20.0
Snapshot
Annual
average
Rysgaard et al. (2012)
T. Kuwae et al.