225
Intertidal area
Subtidal area
Salt marsh
detritus
reed
microalgae
fish
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Decomposition
benthos
Air-marsh ecosystem CO 2 flux
Air-water CO 2 flux
Air-sediment CO 2 flux
Sediment-water CO 2 flux
microalgae
zooplankton
phytoplankton
Fig. 8.1 Diagram showing representative CO 2 fluxes in tidal flat ecosystems
Table 8.1 Representative studies of CO 2 flux using one of three major measurement methods in
tidal flat and salt marsh ecosystems
Subject Object
a
Measurement
method
b
Station
CO 2
flux
(mmol
C/m
2 /
day)
Measurement
period and
notes
References
Air–tidal
flat
T
E
Ariake Bay,
Japan
−417 to
−83
April
Tanaka and
Takikawa
(2006)
T
E
Ariake Bay,
Japan
83–833 May–June
Tanaka and
Takikawa
(2006)
T
E
Wadden Sea
−158
Spring
average
Zemmelink
et al. (2009)
T
E
Arcahon Bay,
France
42
September–
October
Polsenaere et al.
(2012)
Zostera noltii
T
E
Arcahon Bay,
France
−200–8 April,
September–
October, July
Polsenaere et al.
(2012)
Z. noltii
Air–salt
marsh
S
E
Yangtze River,
China
−285
Year
Guo et al.(2009)
Spartina
alterniflora
S
E
Yangtze River,
China
−1037 Year
Guo et al.(2009)
Phragmites
australis
(continued)
8 CO 2 Flux in Tidal Flats and Salt Marshes