95
mangrove organic carbon burial rate to be 26.1 Tg C year
−1
, which corresponds to
9.6–14.9% of the global annual mangrove production (Bouillon et al. 2008) and
8.3–15% of the total annual marine organic carbon burial rate (Duarte et al. 2005, as
recalculated by Breithaupt et al. 2012).
The high ability of mangroves to sequester carbon is attracting much attention,
and more precise estimates of this ecosystem function of mangrove forests are
required. In particular, information on belowground biomass and necromass is
lacking. For more accurate global-scale evaluation of carbon storage, more precise
distribution maps of mangroves and the use of updated monitoring and measurement techniques are needed.
References
Akhand A, Chanda A, Das S, Hazra S, Kuwae T (2018) CO 2 fluxes from mangrove ecosystems. In:
Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy,
and implementation. Springer, Singapore, pp 185–221
Aksornkoae S (1975) Structure, regeneration and productivity of mangroves in Thailand. Ph. D.
dissertation, Michigan University, 109 pp
Alongi DM (2009) The energetics of mangrove forests. Springer, New York
Alongi D, Ayukai T, Brunskill G, Clough B, Wolanski E (1998) Sources, sinks, and export of
organic carbon through a tropical, semi-enclosed delta (Hinchinbrook Channel, Australia).
Mangrove Salt Marshes 2:237–242
Alongi DM, Tirendi F, Dixon P, Trott LA, Brunskill GJ (1999) Mineralization of organic matter
in intertidal sediments of a tropical semienclosed delta. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 48:451–467
Alongi DM, Sasekumar A, Chong VC, Pfitzner J, Trott LA, Tirendi F, Dixon P, Brunskill GJ
(2004) Sediment accumulation and organic material flux in a managed mangrove ecosystem:
estimates of land–ocean–atmosphere exchange in peninsular Malaysia. Mar Geol 208:383–402
Alongi DM, Pfitzner J, Trott LA, Tirendi F, Dixon P, Klumpp DW (2005) Rapid sediment accumulation and microbial mineralization in forests of the mangrove Kandelia candel in the
Jiulongjiang Estuary, China. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 63:605–618
Amundson R (2001) The carbon budget in soils. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 29:535–562
Atwood TB, Connolly RM, Almahasheer H, Carnell PE, Duarte CM, Lewis CJE, Irigoien
X, Kelleway JJ, Lavery PS, Macreadie PI, Serrano O, Sanders CJ, Santos I, Steven ADL,
Lovelock CE (2017) Global patterns in mangrove soil carbon stocks and losses. Nat Clim
Chang 7:523–528
Bouillon S, Borges AV, Castañeda-Moya E, Diele K, Dittmar T, Duke NC, Kristensen E, Lee SY,
Marchand C, Middelburg JJ, Rivera-Monroy VH, Smith TJ III, Twilley R (2008) Mangrove
production and carbon sinks: a revision of global budget estimates. Glob Biogeochem Cycles
22:GB2013. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003052
Breithaupt JL, Smoak JM, Smith TJ, Sanders CJ, Hoare A (2012) Organic carbon burial rate in
mangrove sediments: strengthening to global budget. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 26:GB3011
Brunskill GJ, Zagorskis I, Pfitzner J (2002) Carbon burial rates in sediments and a carbon mass
balance for the Herbert River region of the Great Barrier Reef continental shelf, North
Queensland, Australia. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 54:677–700
Cahoon DR, Lynch JC (1997) Vertical accretion and shallow subsidence in a mangrove forest of
southwestern Florida, USA. Mangrove Salt Marshes 1:173–186
Cairns MA, Brown S, Helmer EH, Baumgardner GA (1997) Root biomass allocation in the world’s
upland forests. Oecologia 111:1–11
3 Carbon Sequestration in Mangroves
mangrove organic carbon burial rate to be 26.1 Tg C year
−1
, which corresponds to
9.6–14.9% of the global annual mangrove production (Bouillon et al. 2008) and
8.3–15% of the total annual marine organic carbon burial rate (Duarte et al. 2005, as
recalculated by Breithaupt et al. 2012).
The high ability of mangroves to sequester carbon is attracting much attention,
and more precise estimates of this ecosystem function of mangrove forests are
required. In particular, information on belowground biomass and necromass is
lacking. For more accurate global-scale evaluation of carbon storage, more precise
distribution maps of mangroves and the use of updated monitoring and measurement techniques are needed.
References
Akhand A, Chanda A, Das S, Hazra S, Kuwae T (2018) CO 2 fluxes from mangrove ecosystems. In:
Kuwae T, Hori M (eds) Blue carbon in shallow coastal ecosystems: carbon dynamics, policy,
and implementation. Springer, Singapore, pp 185–221
Aksornkoae S (1975) Structure, regeneration and productivity of mangroves in Thailand. Ph. D.
dissertation, Michigan University, 109 pp
Alongi DM (2009) The energetics of mangrove forests. Springer, New York
Alongi D, Ayukai T, Brunskill G, Clough B, Wolanski E (1998) Sources, sinks, and export of
organic carbon through a tropical, semi-enclosed delta (Hinchinbrook Channel, Australia).
Mangrove Salt Marshes 2:237–242
Alongi DM, Tirendi F, Dixon P, Trott LA, Brunskill GJ (1999) Mineralization of organic matter
in intertidal sediments of a tropical semienclosed delta. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 48:451–467
Alongi DM, Sasekumar A, Chong VC, Pfitzner J, Trott LA, Tirendi F, Dixon P, Brunskill GJ
(2004) Sediment accumulation and organic material flux in a managed mangrove ecosystem:
estimates of land–ocean–atmosphere exchange in peninsular Malaysia. Mar Geol 208:383–402
Alongi DM, Pfitzner J, Trott LA, Tirendi F, Dixon P, Klumpp DW (2005) Rapid sediment accumulation and microbial mineralization in forests of the mangrove Kandelia candel in the
Jiulongjiang Estuary, China. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 63:605–618
Amundson R (2001) The carbon budget in soils. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 29:535–562
Atwood TB, Connolly RM, Almahasheer H, Carnell PE, Duarte CM, Lewis CJE, Irigoien
X, Kelleway JJ, Lavery PS, Macreadie PI, Serrano O, Sanders CJ, Santos I, Steven ADL,
Lovelock CE (2017) Global patterns in mangrove soil carbon stocks and losses. Nat Clim
Chang 7:523–528
Bouillon S, Borges AV, Castañeda-Moya E, Diele K, Dittmar T, Duke NC, Kristensen E, Lee SY,
Marchand C, Middelburg JJ, Rivera-Monroy VH, Smith TJ III, Twilley R (2008) Mangrove
production and carbon sinks: a revision of global budget estimates. Glob Biogeochem Cycles
22:GB2013. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003052
Breithaupt JL, Smoak JM, Smith TJ, Sanders CJ, Hoare A (2012) Organic carbon burial rate in
mangrove sediments: strengthening to global budget. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 26:GB3011
Brunskill GJ, Zagorskis I, Pfitzner J (2002) Carbon burial rates in sediments and a carbon mass
balance for the Herbert River region of the Great Barrier Reef continental shelf, North
Queensland, Australia. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 54:677–700
Cahoon DR, Lynch JC (1997) Vertical accretion and shallow subsidence in a mangrove forest of
southwestern Florida, USA. Mangrove Salt Marshes 1:173–186
Cairns MA, Brown S, Helmer EH, Baumgardner GA (1997) Root biomass allocation in the world’s
upland forests. Oecologia 111:1–11
3 Carbon Sequestration in Mangroves