44
(Harley et al. 2012). Moreover, pCO 2 enrichment could modify the behavior of other
environmental factors, such as heavy metal excess and, as a result, negatively affect
the physiological performance of a given species. Therefore, comprehensive studies
that include cellular, biochemical, and molecular biological approaches are required
for determining the responses of marine seaweeds to interacting stressors.
3.5 Conclusion
According to the International Council for Science, five priorities must be considered among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals that were formally launched in
September 2015 by the United Nations (70th session, General Assembly). Notable
among these is the initiative to significantly reduce marine pollution and minimize
the impacts of ocean acidification, as well as the effects of these on human and ecosystem health. In this context, it is important to elucidate the interactive effect of
both factors on community performance and ecosystem function, especially considering that human dependence on the oceans places many socioeconomic practices
associated with marine organisms at risk under a scenario of global climate change.
Although it is very clear that many environmental stressors can act in combination
to synergistically, antagonistically, or additively affect many physiological processes
in marine organisms (Schiedek et al. 2007; Darling and Côté 2008; Gooding et al.
2009), studies that evaluate these interactive effects are still scarce. Heavy metal
enrichment from anthropogenic sources and ocean acidification due to increasing
greenhouse gas concentrations at the end of the twenty-first century may have a
particularly wide range of effects on seaweed species and community structure.
Although many seaweed species are known to be vulnerable to physical and chemical changes in the marine environment, the impacts of ongoing and future anthropogenic climate change remain poorly understood. In this context, physiological
studies on seaweed communities will enhance our ability to predict future changes
in the performance and persistence of marine organisms under global change.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by FIC-R Gobierno Regional de Valparaíso BIP n°
30397482-0, DI-501-14/R (Universidad Andrés Bello, Proyectos Regulares Internos) and
FONDECYT N° 1170881 to LC-P. We appreciate the valuable assistance provided by Prof. Juan
A. Correa and Prof. Cristian Duarte in reviewing the heavy metal and ocean acidification section.
We also acknowledge the language support provided by Ashley VanCott, BioPub Ltd.
References
Aitken D, Bulboa C, Godoy-Faundez A et al (2014) Life cycle of macroalgae cultivation and processing for biofuel production. J Clean Prod 75:45–56
Allan R (1997) Introduction: mining and metals in the environment. J Geochem Explor
58(2–3):95–100
L. Contreras-Porcia et al.
(Harley et al. 2012). Moreover, pCO 2 enrichment could modify the behavior of other
environmental factors, such as heavy metal excess and, as a result, negatively affect
the physiological performance of a given species. Therefore, comprehensive studies
that include cellular, biochemical, and molecular biological approaches are required
for determining the responses of marine seaweeds to interacting stressors.
3.5 Conclusion
According to the International Council for Science, five priorities must be considered among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals that were formally launched in
September 2015 by the United Nations (70th session, General Assembly). Notable
among these is the initiative to significantly reduce marine pollution and minimize
the impacts of ocean acidification, as well as the effects of these on human and ecosystem health. In this context, it is important to elucidate the interactive effect of
both factors on community performance and ecosystem function, especially considering that human dependence on the oceans places many socioeconomic practices
associated with marine organisms at risk under a scenario of global climate change.
Although it is very clear that many environmental stressors can act in combination
to synergistically, antagonistically, or additively affect many physiological processes
in marine organisms (Schiedek et al. 2007; Darling and Côté 2008; Gooding et al.
2009), studies that evaluate these interactive effects are still scarce. Heavy metal
enrichment from anthropogenic sources and ocean acidification due to increasing
greenhouse gas concentrations at the end of the twenty-first century may have a
particularly wide range of effects on seaweed species and community structure.
Although many seaweed species are known to be vulnerable to physical and chemical changes in the marine environment, the impacts of ongoing and future anthropogenic climate change remain poorly understood. In this context, physiological
studies on seaweed communities will enhance our ability to predict future changes
in the performance and persistence of marine organisms under global change.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by FIC-R Gobierno Regional de Valparaíso BIP n°
30397482-0, DI-501-14/R (Universidad Andrés Bello, Proyectos Regulares Internos) and
FONDECYT N° 1170881 to LC-P. We appreciate the valuable assistance provided by Prof. Juan
A. Correa and Prof. Cristian Duarte in reviewing the heavy metal and ocean acidification section.
We also acknowledge the language support provided by Ashley VanCott, BioPub Ltd.
References
Aitken D, Bulboa C, Godoy-Faundez A et al (2014) Life cycle of macroalgae cultivation and processing for biofuel production. J Clean Prod 75:45–56
Allan R (1997) Introduction: mining and metals in the environment. J Geochem Explor
58(2–3):95–100
L. Contreras-Porcia et al.