5. Adaptive Radiation
87
Gentry AH (1982) Patterns of neotropical plant species diversity. Evol Bioi 15:1-84
Gentry AH (1988) Changes in plant community diversity and floristic composition on environmental and geographical gradients. Ann Mo Bot Gard 75:1-34
Gillespie RG, Croom HB(1995) Comparison of speciation mechanisms in web-building and
non-web-building groups within a lineage of spiders. In: Wagner WL, Funk VA (Eds)
Hawaiian biogeography: evolution on a hot spot archipelago. Smithsonian Institution
Press, Washington, D. C., pp 121-146
Gittenberger E (1991) What about non-adaptive radiation? Bioi J Linnean Soc 43:263-272
Givnish TJ (1988) Adaptation to sun vs. shade: a whole-plant perspective. Austral J Plant
PhysioI15:63-92
Givnish TJ (1995) Plant stems: biomechanical adaptation for energy capture and influence
on species distributions. In: Gartner BL (Ed) Plant stems: physiology and functional
morphology. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 3-49
Givnish TJ (1997) Adaptive radiation and molecular systematics: aims and conceptual issues. In: Givnish TJ, Sytsma KJ (Eds) Molecular evolution and adaptive radiation.
Cambridge Univ Press, New York, pp 1-54
Givnish TJ (1998) Adaptive plant evolution on islands: classical patterns, molecular data,
new insights. In: Grant P (Ed), Evolution on islands. Oxford University Press, New
York, pp 281-304
Givnish TJ (1999) On the causes of gradients in tropical tree diversity. J Ecol 87:193-210
Givnish TJ, Sytsma KJ (1997) Consistency, characters, and the likelihood of correct phylogenetic inference. Mol Phyl Evol 7:320-330
Givnish TJ, Sytsma KJ, Smith JF, Hahn WI (1994) Thorn-like prickles and heterophylly in
Cyanea: adaptations to extinct avian browsers on Hawaii? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
91:2810-2814
Givnish TJ, Sytsma KJ, Smith IF, Hahn WJ (1995) Molecular evolution, adaptive radiation,
and geographic speciation in Cyanea (Campanlliaceae, LobeJioideae). In: Wagner WL,
Funk VA (Eds) Hawaiian biogeography: evolution on a hot spot archipelago. Smithsonian
Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp 299-337
Givnish TJ, Sytsma KJ, Smith JF, Hahn WJ, Benzing DH, Burkhardt EM (1997) Molecular
evolution and adaptive radiation in Brocchinia (Bromeliaceae: Pitcairnioideae) atop
tepuis of the Guayana Shield. In: Givnish TJ, Sytsma KJ (Eds) Molecular evolution and
adaptive radiation. Cambridge Univ Press, New York, pp 259-311
Givnish TJ, Evans TM, Pires JC, Sytsma KJ (1999) Polyphyly and convergent morphological evolution in Commelinales and Commclinidae: evidence from rbeL sequence data.
Mol Phyl Evol (in press)
Goldblatt P, Manning JC, Bernhardt P (1995) Pollination biology of Lapeirousia subgenus
Lapeirousia (Iridaceae) in southern Africa - floral divergence and adaptation for longtongued fly pollination. Ann Mo Bot Gard 82:517-534
Gould SI (1989) Wonderful life. Norton, New York
Grant PR (1986) Ecology and evolution of Darwin's finches. Princeton Univ Press, Princeton
Greenwood PH (1974) Cichlid fishes of Lake Victoria, East Africa: the biology and evolution of a species flock. Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist (Zool) Suppl 6:1-134
Greenwood PH (1978) A review of the pharyngeal apophysis and its significance in the
classification of African cichlid fishes. Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist (Zool) 33:297-323
Greenwood PH (1984) African cichlids and evolutionary theories. In: Echelle AA, Kornfeld
I (Eds) Evolution of fish species flocks. Univ of Maine Press, Orono, pp 141-154
87
Gentry AH (1982) Patterns of neotropical plant species diversity. Evol Bioi 15:1-84
Gentry AH (1988) Changes in plant community diversity and floristic composition on environmental and geographical gradients. Ann Mo Bot Gard 75:1-34
Gillespie RG, Croom HB(1995) Comparison of speciation mechanisms in web-building and
non-web-building groups within a lineage of spiders. In: Wagner WL, Funk VA (Eds)
Hawaiian biogeography: evolution on a hot spot archipelago. Smithsonian Institution
Press, Washington, D. C., pp 121-146
Gittenberger E (1991) What about non-adaptive radiation? Bioi J Linnean Soc 43:263-272
Givnish TJ (1988) Adaptation to sun vs. shade: a whole-plant perspective. Austral J Plant
PhysioI15:63-92
Givnish TJ (1995) Plant stems: biomechanical adaptation for energy capture and influence
on species distributions. In: Gartner BL (Ed) Plant stems: physiology and functional
morphology. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 3-49
Givnish TJ (1997) Adaptive radiation and molecular systematics: aims and conceptual issues. In: Givnish TJ, Sytsma KJ (Eds) Molecular evolution and adaptive radiation.
Cambridge Univ Press, New York, pp 1-54
Givnish TJ (1998) Adaptive plant evolution on islands: classical patterns, molecular data,
new insights. In: Grant P (Ed), Evolution on islands. Oxford University Press, New
York, pp 281-304
Givnish TJ (1999) On the causes of gradients in tropical tree diversity. J Ecol 87:193-210
Givnish TJ, Sytsma KJ (1997) Consistency, characters, and the likelihood of correct phylogenetic inference. Mol Phyl Evol 7:320-330
Givnish TJ, Sytsma KJ, Smith JF, Hahn WI (1994) Thorn-like prickles and heterophylly in
Cyanea: adaptations to extinct avian browsers on Hawaii? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
91:2810-2814
Givnish TJ, Sytsma KJ, Smith IF, Hahn WJ (1995) Molecular evolution, adaptive radiation,
and geographic speciation in Cyanea (Campanlliaceae, LobeJioideae). In: Wagner WL,
Funk VA (Eds) Hawaiian biogeography: evolution on a hot spot archipelago. Smithsonian
Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp 299-337
Givnish TJ, Sytsma KJ, Smith JF, Hahn WJ, Benzing DH, Burkhardt EM (1997) Molecular
evolution and adaptive radiation in Brocchinia (Bromeliaceae: Pitcairnioideae) atop
tepuis of the Guayana Shield. In: Givnish TJ, Sytsma KJ (Eds) Molecular evolution and
adaptive radiation. Cambridge Univ Press, New York, pp 259-311
Givnish TJ, Evans TM, Pires JC, Sytsma KJ (1999) Polyphyly and convergent morphological evolution in Commelinales and Commclinidae: evidence from rbeL sequence data.
Mol Phyl Evol (in press)
Goldblatt P, Manning JC, Bernhardt P (1995) Pollination biology of Lapeirousia subgenus
Lapeirousia (Iridaceae) in southern Africa - floral divergence and adaptation for longtongued fly pollination. Ann Mo Bot Gard 82:517-534
Gould SI (1989) Wonderful life. Norton, New York
Grant PR (1986) Ecology and evolution of Darwin's finches. Princeton Univ Press, Princeton
Greenwood PH (1974) Cichlid fishes of Lake Victoria, East Africa: the biology and evolution of a species flock. Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist (Zool) Suppl 6:1-134
Greenwood PH (1978) A review of the pharyngeal apophysis and its significance in the
classification of African cichlid fishes. Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist (Zool) 33:297-323
Greenwood PH (1984) African cichlids and evolutionary theories. In: Echelle AA, Kornfeld
I (Eds) Evolution of fish species flocks. Univ of Maine Press, Orono, pp 141-154