20. Human Diversity and Its History
313
do not have a critical test now of this hypothesis but there are clear predictions
about genes controlling external appearance that have not yet been identified.
The ultimate test of these hypotheses about human origins will be identifying
traces of past movements in the archaeological record. We need to develop closer
ties among linguistics, archaeology, and genetics in the study of human history.
References
Ambrose SH (1998) Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks, volcanic winter, and
differentiation of modem humans. J Human Evol 34:623-651
Bellwood PS (1997) Prehistory of the Indo-Malayasian Archipelago (revised edition). Univ
Hawaii Press, Honolulu
Calafell F, Shuster A, Speed, WC, Kidd JR, Kidd KK (1997) Short tandem repeat polymorphism evolution in humans. European Journal of Human Genetics 6:38-49
Cavalli-Sforza LL, Menozzi P, Piazza A (1994) The history and geography of human genes.
Princeton Univ Press, Princeton
Clark JGD (1977) World prehistory: a new perspective. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge
Darwin C (1871) The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. John Murray, London
Di Rienzo A, Donnelly P, Toomajian C, Sisk B, Hill A, Petzl-Erler ML, Hanes GK, Barch
DH (1998) Heterogeneity of microsatellite mutations within and between loci, and
implications for human demographic histories. Genetics 148:1269-1284
Di Rienzo A, Wilson AC (1991) Branching pattern in the evolutionary tree for human mitochondrial DNA. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA 88:1597-1601
Diamond J (1992) The third chimpanzee. New York, HarperPerennial
Haigh J, Maynard Smith J (1972) Population size and protein variation in man. Genet Res
19:73-89
Harding R M, Fullerton SM, Griffith RC, Bond J, Cox MJ, Schneider, JA, Moulin DS,
Clegg JB (1997) Archaic African and Asian lineages in the genetic ancestry of modern
humans. Am J Hum Genet 60:772-789
Harpending HC, Sherry ST, Rogers AR, Stoneking M (1993) The genetic structure of ancient human populations. Curr Anthrop 34:483-496
Hey J (1997) Mitochondrial and nuclear genes present conflicting portraits of human origins. Mol. Bioi EvoI14:166-172
Jorde LB, Bamshad MJ, Watkins WS, Zenger R, Fraley AE, Krakowiak P, Carpenter KD,
Soodyall H, Jenkins T, Rogers AR (1995) Origins and affinities of modern humans: a
comparison of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data. Am J Hum Genet 57:523-538
Kimmel M, Chakraborty R, KingJP, Bamshad M, Watkins WS, Jorde LB (1998) Signatures
of popUlation expansion in microsatellite repeat data. Genetics 148:1921-1930
Li W-H, Sadler LA (1991) Low nucleotide diversity in man. Genetics 129: 513-523
Nei M, Roychoudhury AK (1974) Genic variation within and between the three major races
of man, Caucasoids, Negroids, and Mongoloids. Am J Hum Genet 26:421-443
O'Connell JF, Allen J (1998) When did humans first arrive in greater Australia and why is
it important to know? Evol AnthropoI6:132-146
Reich DE, Goldstein DB (1998) Genetic evidence for a Paleolithic human population expansion in Africa. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA 95:8119-8123
313
do not have a critical test now of this hypothesis but there are clear predictions
about genes controlling external appearance that have not yet been identified.
The ultimate test of these hypotheses about human origins will be identifying
traces of past movements in the archaeological record. We need to develop closer
ties among linguistics, archaeology, and genetics in the study of human history.
References
Ambrose SH (1998) Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks, volcanic winter, and
differentiation of modem humans. J Human Evol 34:623-651
Bellwood PS (1997) Prehistory of the Indo-Malayasian Archipelago (revised edition). Univ
Hawaii Press, Honolulu
Calafell F, Shuster A, Speed, WC, Kidd JR, Kidd KK (1997) Short tandem repeat polymorphism evolution in humans. European Journal of Human Genetics 6:38-49
Cavalli-Sforza LL, Menozzi P, Piazza A (1994) The history and geography of human genes.
Princeton Univ Press, Princeton
Clark JGD (1977) World prehistory: a new perspective. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge
Darwin C (1871) The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. John Murray, London
Di Rienzo A, Donnelly P, Toomajian C, Sisk B, Hill A, Petzl-Erler ML, Hanes GK, Barch
DH (1998) Heterogeneity of microsatellite mutations within and between loci, and
implications for human demographic histories. Genetics 148:1269-1284
Di Rienzo A, Wilson AC (1991) Branching pattern in the evolutionary tree for human mitochondrial DNA. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA 88:1597-1601
Diamond J (1992) The third chimpanzee. New York, HarperPerennial
Haigh J, Maynard Smith J (1972) Population size and protein variation in man. Genet Res
19:73-89
Harding R M, Fullerton SM, Griffith RC, Bond J, Cox MJ, Schneider, JA, Moulin DS,
Clegg JB (1997) Archaic African and Asian lineages in the genetic ancestry of modern
humans. Am J Hum Genet 60:772-789
Harpending HC, Sherry ST, Rogers AR, Stoneking M (1993) The genetic structure of ancient human populations. Curr Anthrop 34:483-496
Hey J (1997) Mitochondrial and nuclear genes present conflicting portraits of human origins. Mol. Bioi EvoI14:166-172
Jorde LB, Bamshad MJ, Watkins WS, Zenger R, Fraley AE, Krakowiak P, Carpenter KD,
Soodyall H, Jenkins T, Rogers AR (1995) Origins and affinities of modern humans: a
comparison of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data. Am J Hum Genet 57:523-538
Kimmel M, Chakraborty R, KingJP, Bamshad M, Watkins WS, Jorde LB (1998) Signatures
of popUlation expansion in microsatellite repeat data. Genetics 148:1921-1930
Li W-H, Sadler LA (1991) Low nucleotide diversity in man. Genetics 129: 513-523
Nei M, Roychoudhury AK (1974) Genic variation within and between the three major races
of man, Caucasoids, Negroids, and Mongoloids. Am J Hum Genet 26:421-443
O'Connell JF, Allen J (1998) When did humans first arrive in greater Australia and why is
it important to know? Evol AnthropoI6:132-146
Reich DE, Goldstein DB (1998) Genetic evidence for a Paleolithic human population expansion in Africa. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA 95:8119-8123