272
W.-H. U at al.
nal ones. In addition, it is not clear how many times the blue opsin gene has become
nonfunctional in prosimians. These studies will not only be useful for understanding the evolution of prosimiancolor vision genes, but also shed light on the lifestyle
(nocturnal or diurnal) of prosimian ancestors.
Acknowlegements
This study was supported by NIH grants and the Betty Wheless Trotter Professorship.
References
Asenjo AB, Rim J, Oprian DD (1994) Molecular determinants of human red/green color
discrimination. Neuron 12:1131-1138
Balding, DJ, Nichols RA, Hunt DM (1992) Detecting gene conversion: primate visual pigment genes. Proc Roy Soc London B 249:275-280
Blakeslee B,Jacobs GH (1985) Color vision in the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta). Brain
Behav EvoI26:154-166
Boissinot S, Zhou Y -H, Qiu L, Dulai KS, Neiswanger K, Schneider H, Sampaio I, Hunt DM,
Hewett-Emmett D, Li W-L (1997) Origin and molecular evolution of the X-linked
duplicate color vision genes in howler monkeys. Zool Stud 36:360-369
Boissinot S, Tan Y, Shyue S-K, Schneider H, Sampaio I, Neiswanger K, Hewett-Emmett D,
Li W-H (1998) Origin and antiquity of the X-linked triallelic color vision systems in
New World monkeys. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA 95:13749-13754
Deeb SS, Jorgensen AL, Battist L, Iwasaki L, Motulsky AG (1994) Sequence divergence of
the red and green visual pigments in great apes and humans. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA
91 :7262-7266
Deeb SS, Lindsey DT, Hibiya Y, Sanocki E, Winderickx J, Teller DY, Motulsky AG (1992)
Genotype-phenotype relationships in human red/green color vision defects: molecular
and psychophysical studies. Am J Hum Genet 51:678-700
Deegan IT JF, Jacobs GH (1996) Spectral sensitivity and photopigment of a nocturnal prosimian
the bushbaby (Ololemur crassicaudatus). Am J PrimatoI40:55-66
Goodman M, Porter CA, Czelusniak J, Page SL, Schneider H, Shoshani J, Gunnell G, Groves
CP (1998) Toward a phylogenetic classification of primates based on DNA evidence
complemented by fossil evidence. Mol Phyl Evol 9:585-598
Hunt D, Dulai KS, Cowing JA, Mollon JD, Bowmaker JK, Lee BB, Hewett-Emmett D, Li
W-H (1998) Molecular evolution of trichromacy in primates. Vision Res 38:3299-3306
Ibbotson R, Hunt DM, Bowmaker JK, Mollon JD (1992) Sequence divergence and copy
number of the middle- and long-wave photopigment genes in Old World monkeys. Proc
Roy Soc London B 247:145-154
Jacobs GH (1984) Within-species variations in visual capacity among squirrel monkeys
(Saimiri sciureus): Color vision. Vision Res 24:1267-1277
Jacobs GH (1993) The distribution and nature of color vision among the mammals. Bioi Rev
68:413-471
W.-H. U at al.
nal ones. In addition, it is not clear how many times the blue opsin gene has become
nonfunctional in prosimians. These studies will not only be useful for understanding the evolution of prosimiancolor vision genes, but also shed light on the lifestyle
(nocturnal or diurnal) of prosimian ancestors.
Acknowlegements
This study was supported by NIH grants and the Betty Wheless Trotter Professorship.
References
Asenjo AB, Rim J, Oprian DD (1994) Molecular determinants of human red/green color
discrimination. Neuron 12:1131-1138
Balding, DJ, Nichols RA, Hunt DM (1992) Detecting gene conversion: primate visual pigment genes. Proc Roy Soc London B 249:275-280
Blakeslee B,Jacobs GH (1985) Color vision in the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta). Brain
Behav EvoI26:154-166
Boissinot S, Zhou Y -H, Qiu L, Dulai KS, Neiswanger K, Schneider H, Sampaio I, Hunt DM,
Hewett-Emmett D, Li W-L (1997) Origin and molecular evolution of the X-linked
duplicate color vision genes in howler monkeys. Zool Stud 36:360-369
Boissinot S, Tan Y, Shyue S-K, Schneider H, Sampaio I, Neiswanger K, Hewett-Emmett D,
Li W-H (1998) Origin and antiquity of the X-linked triallelic color vision systems in
New World monkeys. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA 95:13749-13754
Deeb SS, Jorgensen AL, Battist L, Iwasaki L, Motulsky AG (1994) Sequence divergence of
the red and green visual pigments in great apes and humans. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA
91 :7262-7266
Deeb SS, Lindsey DT, Hibiya Y, Sanocki E, Winderickx J, Teller DY, Motulsky AG (1992)
Genotype-phenotype relationships in human red/green color vision defects: molecular
and psychophysical studies. Am J Hum Genet 51:678-700
Deegan IT JF, Jacobs GH (1996) Spectral sensitivity and photopigment of a nocturnal prosimian
the bushbaby (Ololemur crassicaudatus). Am J PrimatoI40:55-66
Goodman M, Porter CA, Czelusniak J, Page SL, Schneider H, Shoshani J, Gunnell G, Groves
CP (1998) Toward a phylogenetic classification of primates based on DNA evidence
complemented by fossil evidence. Mol Phyl Evol 9:585-598
Hunt D, Dulai KS, Cowing JA, Mollon JD, Bowmaker JK, Lee BB, Hewett-Emmett D, Li
W-H (1998) Molecular evolution of trichromacy in primates. Vision Res 38:3299-3306
Ibbotson R, Hunt DM, Bowmaker JK, Mollon JD (1992) Sequence divergence and copy
number of the middle- and long-wave photopigment genes in Old World monkeys. Proc
Roy Soc London B 247:145-154
Jacobs GH (1984) Within-species variations in visual capacity among squirrel monkeys
(Saimiri sciureus): Color vision. Vision Res 24:1267-1277
Jacobs GH (1993) The distribution and nature of color vision among the mammals. Bioi Rev
68:413-471