20. Biotic Manipulations of Aquatic Ecosystems
Moore, KM.S.; Gregory, S.V. Response of young-of-theyear cutthroat trout to manipulation of habitat structure in a small stream. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 117: 162170; 1988.
Moss, B.; Stansfield, J.; Irvine, K; Perrows, M.; Phillips,
G. Progressive restoration of a shallow lake: A 12year experiment in isolation, sediment removal and
biomanipulation. J. Appl. Ecol. 33:71-86; 1996.
[NRC] National Research Council. Restoration of
Aquatic Ecosystems. Washington, DC: National Academy; 1992.
Nielsen, L.A.; Johnson, D.L. Fisheries Techniques. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society; 1983.
Northcote, T.G. Fish in the structure and function of
freshwater ecosystems: A "top-down" view. Can. 1
Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45:361-379; 1988.
Olson, M.H.; Carpenter, S.R.; et al. Managing macrophytes to improve fish growth: A multi-lake experiment. Fisheries 23:6-12; 1998.
Orians, G. Ecology and environmental problem solving.
Northwest Sci. 60:287-292; 1986.
Paine, R.T. Food webs: Linkage, interaction strength, and
community infrastructure. 1 Anim. Ecol. 49:667-685;
1980.
Power, M.E.; Tilman, D.; Estes, lA.; Menge, B.A.;
Bond, W.J.; Mills, L.S.; Daily, G.; Castilla, lC.;
Lubchenco, l; Paine, R.T. Challenges in the quest for
keystone species: Identifying keystone species is
difficult-but essential to understanding how loss of
species will affect ecosystems. BioScience 46:609620; 1996.
Schindler, D.E.; Carpenter, S.R.; Cole, ll; Kitchell, J.E;
Pace, M.L. Influence of food web structure on carbon
exchange between lakes and the atmosphere. Science
277:248-251; 1997.
317
Scheffer, M. Ecology of Shallow Lakes. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1997.
Shrader-Frechette, KS.; McCoy, E.D. Method in Ecology. London: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1993.
Shapiro, l; Wright, D.I. Lake restoration by biomanipulation: Round Lake, Minnesota, the first two
years. Freshwat. BioI. 14:371-383; 1984.
Stewart-Oaten, A.; Murdoch, W.; Parker, K. Environmental impact assessment: 'Pseudoreplication' in
time? Ecology 67:929-940; 1986.
Trebitz, A.S.; et al. A model of bluegill-largemouth bass
interactions in relation to aquatic vegetation and its
management. Ecol. Model. 94:139-156; 1997.
Trebitz, A.S.; Nibbelink, N. Effect of pattern of vegetation removal on growth of bluegill: A simple model.
Can. 1 Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53:1844-1851; 1996.
Wallace, lB.; Vogel, D.S.; Cuffney, T.E Recovery of a
headwater stream from an insecticide induced community disturbance. 1 North Am. Benthol. Soc.
5:115-126; 1986.
Walters, C.J.; Collie, lS.; Webb, T. Experimental design
for estimating transient responses to habitat alterations: Is it practical to control for environmental interactions? Can. Sp. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 105:1320; 1989.
Wootton, IT. The nature and consequences of indirect
effects in ecological communities. Annu. Rev. Ecol.
Syst. 25:443-466; 1994.
Wipfli, M.S.; Merritt, R.W. Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on nontarget benthic insects
through direct and indirect exposure. 1 North Am.
Benthol. Soc. 13:190-205; 1994.
Zedler, J.B. Ecological issues in wetland mitigation: An
introduction to the forum. Ecol. Applic. 6:33-37;
1996.
Moore, KM.S.; Gregory, S.V. Response of young-of-theyear cutthroat trout to manipulation of habitat structure in a small stream. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 117: 162170; 1988.
Moss, B.; Stansfield, J.; Irvine, K; Perrows, M.; Phillips,
G. Progressive restoration of a shallow lake: A 12year experiment in isolation, sediment removal and
biomanipulation. J. Appl. Ecol. 33:71-86; 1996.
[NRC] National Research Council. Restoration of
Aquatic Ecosystems. Washington, DC: National Academy; 1992.
Nielsen, L.A.; Johnson, D.L. Fisheries Techniques. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society; 1983.
Northcote, T.G. Fish in the structure and function of
freshwater ecosystems: A "top-down" view. Can. 1
Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45:361-379; 1988.
Olson, M.H.; Carpenter, S.R.; et al. Managing macrophytes to improve fish growth: A multi-lake experiment. Fisheries 23:6-12; 1998.
Orians, G. Ecology and environmental problem solving.
Northwest Sci. 60:287-292; 1986.
Paine, R.T. Food webs: Linkage, interaction strength, and
community infrastructure. 1 Anim. Ecol. 49:667-685;
1980.
Power, M.E.; Tilman, D.; Estes, lA.; Menge, B.A.;
Bond, W.J.; Mills, L.S.; Daily, G.; Castilla, lC.;
Lubchenco, l; Paine, R.T. Challenges in the quest for
keystone species: Identifying keystone species is
difficult-but essential to understanding how loss of
species will affect ecosystems. BioScience 46:609620; 1996.
Schindler, D.E.; Carpenter, S.R.; Cole, ll; Kitchell, J.E;
Pace, M.L. Influence of food web structure on carbon
exchange between lakes and the atmosphere. Science
277:248-251; 1997.
317
Scheffer, M. Ecology of Shallow Lakes. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1997.
Shrader-Frechette, KS.; McCoy, E.D. Method in Ecology. London: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1993.
Shapiro, l; Wright, D.I. Lake restoration by biomanipulation: Round Lake, Minnesota, the first two
years. Freshwat. BioI. 14:371-383; 1984.
Stewart-Oaten, A.; Murdoch, W.; Parker, K. Environmental impact assessment: 'Pseudoreplication' in
time? Ecology 67:929-940; 1986.
Trebitz, A.S.; et al. A model of bluegill-largemouth bass
interactions in relation to aquatic vegetation and its
management. Ecol. Model. 94:139-156; 1997.
Trebitz, A.S.; Nibbelink, N. Effect of pattern of vegetation removal on growth of bluegill: A simple model.
Can. 1 Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53:1844-1851; 1996.
Wallace, lB.; Vogel, D.S.; Cuffney, T.E Recovery of a
headwater stream from an insecticide induced community disturbance. 1 North Am. Benthol. Soc.
5:115-126; 1986.
Walters, C.J.; Collie, lS.; Webb, T. Experimental design
for estimating transient responses to habitat alterations: Is it practical to control for environmental interactions? Can. Sp. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 105:1320; 1989.
Wootton, IT. The nature and consequences of indirect
effects in ecological communities. Annu. Rev. Ecol.
Syst. 25:443-466; 1994.
Wipfli, M.S.; Merritt, R.W. Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on nontarget benthic insects
through direct and indirect exposure. 1 North Am.
Benthol. Soc. 13:190-205; 1994.
Zedler, J.B. Ecological issues in wetland mitigation: An
introduction to the forum. Ecol. Applic. 6:33-37;
1996.