7. Decomposition and Soil Organic Matter Dynamics
ricultural and Environmental Research. SSSA book
series 5. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America; 1994:907-950.
Harmon, M.E.; Lajtha, K. Analysis of detritus and organic horizons for mineral and organic constituents.
In: Robertson, G.P.; Bledsoe, C.S.; Coleman, D.C.;
Sollins, P., eds. Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term
Ecological Research. New York: Oxford Univ. Pr.;
1999:143-165.
Harmon, M.E., Nadelhoffer, KJ.; Blair, J.M. Measuring
decomposition, nutrient turnover, and stores in plant
litter. In: Robertson, G.P.; Bledsoe, C.S.; Coleman,
D.C.; Sollins, P., eds. Standard Soil Methods for LongTerm Ecological Research. New York: Oxford Univ.
Pr.; 1999:202-240.
Heal, O.w.; Anderson, 1M.; Swift, MJ. Plant litter quality and decomposition: An historical overview. In:
Cadisch, G.; Giller, K.E., eds. Driven by Nature: Plant
Litter Quality and Decomposition. Wallingford, UK:
CAB International; 1997:3-30.
Heath, G.w.; Edwards, C.A; Arnold, M.K. Some methods for assessing the activity of soil animals in the
breakdown of leaves. Pedobiologica 4:80-87; 1964.
Hess, T.P.; Schmidt, S.K. Improved procedure for obtaining statistically valid parameter estimates from soil
respiration data. Soil BioI. Biochem. 27:1-7; 1995.
[IPCC] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 1995. The Science of Climate Change.
Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1996.
Jenkinson, D.S.; Adams, D.E.; Wild, A Model estimates
of CO2 emissions from soil in response to global
warming. Nature 351:304-306; 1991.
Jenkinson, D.S.; Hart, PBS; Rayner, J.H.; Parry, L.C.
Modeling the turnover of organic matter in long-term
experiments at Rothamsted. INTECOL Bull. 15:1-8;
1987.
Jenny, H.; Gessel, S.P.; Bingham, P.T. Comparative study
of decomposition rates of organic matter in temperate
and tropical regions. Soil Sci. 68:419-432; 1949.
Kurcheva, G.P' The role of invertebrates in the decomposition of oak leaf litter. Pocroredenie 4: 16-23; 1960.
Ladd, J.N.; Amato, M. Studies of nitrogen immobilization and mineralization in calcareous soils. IV.
Changes in the organic nitrogen of light and heavy
subfractions of silt and fine clay-size particles during
nitrogen turnover. Soil BioI. Biochem. 12: 185-189;
1980.
Lang, G.E. Dynamics in a mixed oak forest on the New
Jersey Piedmont. 1 Torrey Bot. Club 101:277-286;
1974.
Leavitt, S.W.; Follett, R.P.; Paul, E.A Estimation of
slow- and fast-cycling soil organic carbon pools from
6N HCl hydrolysis. Radiocarbon 38:231-239; 1997.
Loomis, R.M. Annual Changes in Forest Floor Weights
under a Southeastern Missouri Oak Stand. Washing115
ton, DC: United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA) Forest Service Research Note NC-184; 1975.
Martel, Y.A; Paul, E.A The use of radiocarbon dating
of organic matter in the study of soil genesis. Soil Sci.
Soc. Am. Proc. 38:501-506; 1974.
Meentemeyer, V. Microclimate and lignin control of decomposition rates. Ecology 59:465-472; 1978.
Melillo, J.M.; Aber, J.D.; Muratore, 1M. Nitrogen and
lignin control of hardwood leaf litter decomposition
dynamics. Ecology 63:621--Q26; 1982.
Nelson, D.; L. Sommers. Total carbon, organic carbon,
and organic matter. In: Sparks, D.L.; Page, A;
Helmke, P.; Loeppert, R.; Soltanpour, P.; Tabatabai,
M.; Johnston, C.; Sumner, M. eds. Methods of Soil
Analysis: Chemical Methods. 2nd edition. Madison,
WI: American Society of Agronomy; 1996: 9611010.
Oades, 1M. The role of biology in the formation, stabilization and degradation of soil structure. Geoderma
56:377-400; 1993.
O'Lear, H.A.; Seastedt, T.R.; Briggs, 1M.; Blair, 1M.;
Ramundo, R.A Fire and topographic effects on decomposition rates and nitrogen dynamics of buried
wood in tall grass prairie. Soil BioI. Biochem. 28:322329; 1996.
Olson, IS. Energy storage and the balance of producers
and decomposers in ecological systems. Ecology
44:322-331; 1963.
Palm, C.A; Rowland, AP. A minimum dataset for characterization of plant quality for decomposition. In:
Cadisch, G.; Giller, K.E., eds. Driven by Nature: Plant
Litter Quality and Decomposition. Wallingford, UK:
CAB International; 1997:379-392.
Palm, C.A; Sanchez, P.A Nitrogen release from the
leaves of some tropical legumes as affected by their
lignin and polyphenolic contents. Soil BioI. Biochem.
23:83-88; 1991.
Parton, WJ.; Schimel, D.S.; Cole, C.V.; Ojima, D.S.
Analysis of factors controlling soil organic matter levels in Great Plains grasslands. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 1
51:1173-1179; 1987.
Paul, E.A; Collins, H.P.; Harris, D.; Schulthess, U.; Robertson, G.P. Evolution of CO 2 and soil carbon dynamics in biologically managed, row-crop agroecosysterns. AppI. Soil EcoI. 11:53--Q5; 1999.
Paul, E.A; Morris, SJ.; Bohm, S. The determination of
soil C pool sizes and turnover rates: Biophysical fractionation and tracers. In Lal, R.; Kimble, 1; Follett,
R., eds. Assessment Methods for Soil C Pools. Boca
Raton, FL: CRC; in press.
Paul, E.A.; Paustian, K.A; Elliott, E.T.; Cole, C.V. Soil
Organic Matter in Temperate Ecosystems: Long-Term
Experiments in North America. Boca Raton, FL: CRC;
1997.
ricultural and Environmental Research. SSSA book
series 5. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America; 1994:907-950.
Harmon, M.E.; Lajtha, K. Analysis of detritus and organic horizons for mineral and organic constituents.
In: Robertson, G.P.; Bledsoe, C.S.; Coleman, D.C.;
Sollins, P., eds. Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term
Ecological Research. New York: Oxford Univ. Pr.;
1999:143-165.
Harmon, M.E., Nadelhoffer, KJ.; Blair, J.M. Measuring
decomposition, nutrient turnover, and stores in plant
litter. In: Robertson, G.P.; Bledsoe, C.S.; Coleman,
D.C.; Sollins, P., eds. Standard Soil Methods for LongTerm Ecological Research. New York: Oxford Univ.
Pr.; 1999:202-240.
Heal, O.w.; Anderson, 1M.; Swift, MJ. Plant litter quality and decomposition: An historical overview. In:
Cadisch, G.; Giller, K.E., eds. Driven by Nature: Plant
Litter Quality and Decomposition. Wallingford, UK:
CAB International; 1997:3-30.
Heath, G.w.; Edwards, C.A; Arnold, M.K. Some methods for assessing the activity of soil animals in the
breakdown of leaves. Pedobiologica 4:80-87; 1964.
Hess, T.P.; Schmidt, S.K. Improved procedure for obtaining statistically valid parameter estimates from soil
respiration data. Soil BioI. Biochem. 27:1-7; 1995.
[IPCC] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 1995. The Science of Climate Change.
Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr.; 1996.
Jenkinson, D.S.; Adams, D.E.; Wild, A Model estimates
of CO2 emissions from soil in response to global
warming. Nature 351:304-306; 1991.
Jenkinson, D.S.; Hart, PBS; Rayner, J.H.; Parry, L.C.
Modeling the turnover of organic matter in long-term
experiments at Rothamsted. INTECOL Bull. 15:1-8;
1987.
Jenny, H.; Gessel, S.P.; Bingham, P.T. Comparative study
of decomposition rates of organic matter in temperate
and tropical regions. Soil Sci. 68:419-432; 1949.
Kurcheva, G.P' The role of invertebrates in the decomposition of oak leaf litter. Pocroredenie 4: 16-23; 1960.
Ladd, J.N.; Amato, M. Studies of nitrogen immobilization and mineralization in calcareous soils. IV.
Changes in the organic nitrogen of light and heavy
subfractions of silt and fine clay-size particles during
nitrogen turnover. Soil BioI. Biochem. 12: 185-189;
1980.
Lang, G.E. Dynamics in a mixed oak forest on the New
Jersey Piedmont. 1 Torrey Bot. Club 101:277-286;
1974.
Leavitt, S.W.; Follett, R.P.; Paul, E.A Estimation of
slow- and fast-cycling soil organic carbon pools from
6N HCl hydrolysis. Radiocarbon 38:231-239; 1997.
Loomis, R.M. Annual Changes in Forest Floor Weights
under a Southeastern Missouri Oak Stand. Washing115
ton, DC: United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA) Forest Service Research Note NC-184; 1975.
Martel, Y.A; Paul, E.A The use of radiocarbon dating
of organic matter in the study of soil genesis. Soil Sci.
Soc. Am. Proc. 38:501-506; 1974.
Meentemeyer, V. Microclimate and lignin control of decomposition rates. Ecology 59:465-472; 1978.
Melillo, J.M.; Aber, J.D.; Muratore, 1M. Nitrogen and
lignin control of hardwood leaf litter decomposition
dynamics. Ecology 63:621--Q26; 1982.
Nelson, D.; L. Sommers. Total carbon, organic carbon,
and organic matter. In: Sparks, D.L.; Page, A;
Helmke, P.; Loeppert, R.; Soltanpour, P.; Tabatabai,
M.; Johnston, C.; Sumner, M. eds. Methods of Soil
Analysis: Chemical Methods. 2nd edition. Madison,
WI: American Society of Agronomy; 1996: 9611010.
Oades, 1M. The role of biology in the formation, stabilization and degradation of soil structure. Geoderma
56:377-400; 1993.
O'Lear, H.A.; Seastedt, T.R.; Briggs, 1M.; Blair, 1M.;
Ramundo, R.A Fire and topographic effects on decomposition rates and nitrogen dynamics of buried
wood in tall grass prairie. Soil BioI. Biochem. 28:322329; 1996.
Olson, IS. Energy storage and the balance of producers
and decomposers in ecological systems. Ecology
44:322-331; 1963.
Palm, C.A; Rowland, AP. A minimum dataset for characterization of plant quality for decomposition. In:
Cadisch, G.; Giller, K.E., eds. Driven by Nature: Plant
Litter Quality and Decomposition. Wallingford, UK:
CAB International; 1997:379-392.
Palm, C.A; Sanchez, P.A Nitrogen release from the
leaves of some tropical legumes as affected by their
lignin and polyphenolic contents. Soil BioI. Biochem.
23:83-88; 1991.
Parton, WJ.; Schimel, D.S.; Cole, C.V.; Ojima, D.S.
Analysis of factors controlling soil organic matter levels in Great Plains grasslands. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 1
51:1173-1179; 1987.
Paul, E.A; Collins, H.P.; Harris, D.; Schulthess, U.; Robertson, G.P. Evolution of CO 2 and soil carbon dynamics in biologically managed, row-crop agroecosysterns. AppI. Soil EcoI. 11:53--Q5; 1999.
Paul, E.A; Morris, SJ.; Bohm, S. The determination of
soil C pool sizes and turnover rates: Biophysical fractionation and tracers. In Lal, R.; Kimble, 1; Follett,
R., eds. Assessment Methods for Soil C Pools. Boca
Raton, FL: CRC; in press.
Paul, E.A.; Paustian, K.A; Elliott, E.T.; Cole, C.V. Soil
Organic Matter in Temperate Ecosystems: Long-Term
Experiments in North America. Boca Raton, FL: CRC;
1997.