484
R Del Negro et al.
Acknowledgements. This research was supported by the
Italian Ministry of University, Scientific Research and
Technology, the National Council of Research and the Central
Institute for Applied Marine Research within the project
PRISMA 1 (Programma ill RIcerca e Sperimentazione per il
Mare Adriatico). We thank the crew members of the R. Y.
Urania for their technical assistance on board. We also thank
Y.Tirelli for her helpful comments. Finally, we acknowledge
two anonymous reviewers fur their constructive criticisms on
the previous version of the manuscript.
References
Alldredge AL, Passow U, Logan B (1993) The abundance and significance of a class of large, transparent organic particles in
the ocean. Deep - Sea Res I 40: 1131-1140
Berninger UG, Finlay BJ. Kuuppo-Leinikki P (1991) Protozoan
control of bacterial abundances in freshwater. LinInol
Ocenogr 36: 139-147
Billen G, Servais p, Becquevort S (1990) Dynamics of bacterioplankton in oligotrophic and eutrophic aquatic environments: bottom-up or top-down control? Hydrobiologia 207:
37-42
Bird DE, Kalff J (1984) Empirical relationships between bacterial
abundance and chlorophyll concentration in fresh and
marine waters. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 41: 1015-1023
Bregant D, Allegra A, Azzaro F, Civitarese G, Crisafi E, La Ferla R.
Luchetla A, Rabitti S (1992) Condizioni idrologiche
nell'Adriatico Meridionale. Aprile 1990.Atti IX Congr AIOL,
Nov 1990, pp 25-33
Bregant D, Azzaro F, Civitarese G, Crisafi E, La Ferla R, Leonardi
M, Luchetta A, Polimeni R, Raicich F (1994) Condizioni irlrologiche nell'Adriatico Meridionale. Novembre 1991. Atti X
Congr AIOL, Nov 1992, pp 37-46
Caron DA, Lim EL, Miceli G, Waterbury IB, Valois FW (1991)
Grazing and utilization of chrococcoid cyanobacteria and
heterotrophic bacteria by protozoa in laboratory cultures
and a coastal plankton community. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 76:
205-217
Cole JJ, Pace ML, Caraco NF, Seinhart GS (1993) Bacterial biomass
and cell size distributions in lakes: more and larger cells in
anoxic waters. Limnol Oceanogr 38: 1627-1632
Del Negro p. Ramani P, Marteechini E, Celio M (l995)
Distribuzione annuale del picoplancton in una stazione
costiera del Golfo di Trieste. Atti Xl Congr AIOL, Oet 1994,
pp 747-756
Dufour PH, Torrc!ton J-p (1996) Bottom-up and top-down control
of baeterioplankton from eutrophic to oligotrophic sites in
the tropical northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res 43:
1305-1320
Fenchel T (1986). Ecology of heterotrophic microflagellates. Adv
Microb Eco19: 57-95
Fuhrman JA (1999) Marine viruses and their biogeochemical and
ecological effects. Nature 399: 541-548
Fub D, Devescovi M, Precali R. Krstulovic N, Solie M (1991)
Bacterial abundance and activity in the highly stratified
estuary of the Krka River. Mar Chern 32: 333-346
Gaclc M, Civitare&e G, Ursella L (1999) Spatial and seasonal variability of water and biogeochemical fluxes in the Adriatic Sea.
In: Malanotte-Rizzoli P, Eremeev VN (eds) The Eastern
Mediterranean as a laboratory basin for assessment of contrasting ecosystems. Kluwer Acad Publ, Dordrecht,pp 335-357
Gasol JM (1994) A framework for the assessment of top-down
versus bottom-up control of heterotrophic nanoflagellate
abundance. Mar Bcol Prog Ser 113: 291-300
Gasol JM, Vaqul! D (1993) Lack of coupling between heterotrophic nanoflagellates and bacteria: a general phenomenon
across aquatic systems? Linmol Oceanogr 38: 657-665
Harding LW, Degobbis D. Precali R (1999) Production and fate of
phytoplankton: annual cycles and interannual variability. In:
Malone TC, Male; A. Harding LW, Smodlaka N, Turner RE
(eds) Ecosystems at the land-sea margin: drainage basin to
coastal sea. Coast Estuar Stud Am Geophys Union,
Washington DC, 55, pp 131-172
Krstulovic N, Solie M, Marasovic I (l99B) Regulation. of bacterial
abundance along the trophic gradient in the central Adriatic.
Rapp Comm Int Mer Mediterr 35: 360-361
La Ferla R, Monticelli L5, Giacobbe MG, Crisafi E (1993) Microbial
aspects of the Southern Adriatic Sea: present knowledge and
future prospects. In: Workshop Ric Mar Mediterr 2000
Oceano. Roma, Oct 1993
Martinussen I. Thingstad TP (1991) A simple double staining
technique for simultaneous quantification of auto- and heterotrophic nano- and picoplankton. Mar Microb Food Webs
5:5-11
Murphy LS, Haugen EM (1985) The distribution and abundance
of phototrophic ultraplankton in the North Atlantic. Lirnnol
Oceanogr 30: 47-58
Pace ML, Cole 11 (1994) Comparative and experimental approaches to top-down and bottom-up regulation of bacteria.
Microb Eco128: 181-193
Porter KG, Feig YS (1980) The use of DAPI to identifying and
counting aquatic microflora. Linmol Oceanogr 25: 943-948
Puddu A, La Ferla R. Allegra A, Bacci C, Lopez M. Oliva F, Pierotti
C (1998) Seasonal and spatial distribution of bacterial production and biomass along a salinity gradient (Northern
Adriatic Sea). Hydrobiologia 369: 271-282
Sanders RW, Caron DA. Berninger U-G (1992) Relationships
between bacteria and heterotrophic nanoplankton in
marine and freshwaters: an inter-ecosystem comparison.
Mar &01 Prog Ser 86: 1-14
Simon M, Cho BC, Azam F (1992) Significance of bacterial biomass in lakes and the ocean: comparison to phytoplankton
biomass and biogeochemical implications. Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 86: 103-110
Smodlaka N, Malone TC, Malej A, Harding LH (1999)
Introduction. In: Malone TC, Malej A, Harding LW.
Smodlaka N, Turner RE (eds) Ecosystems at the Land-Sea
Margin: drainage basin to coastal sea. Coast Estuarine Stud
Am Geophysi Union, Washington DC, 55: 1-6
Solie M, Krstulovic N (1994) Role of predation in controlling bacterial and heterotrophic nanoflagellate standing stocks in
the coastal Adriatic sea: seasonal patterns. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
114: 219-235
Solic M, Krstulovic N (1995) Bacterial carbon flux through the
microbial loop in Kastela Bay (Adriatic Sea). Ophelia 41:
345-360
Thingstad TF, Sackshaug E (1990) Control of phytoplankton
growth in nutrient recycling ecosystems: theory and terminology. Mar Eeol Prog Ser 63: 261-272
Turk V; Lipej 1, Malej A (1990) Heterotrophic plankton dynamic
in the stratified water-column in the Gulf of Trieste. Rapp
Comm lnt Mer Mediterr 32: 216
Weinbauer MG. HQfle MG (1998) Significance of viral lysis and
flagellate grazing as factors controlling bacterioplankton
production in a eutrophic lake. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:
431-438
R Del Negro et al.
Acknowledgements. This research was supported by the
Italian Ministry of University, Scientific Research and
Technology, the National Council of Research and the Central
Institute for Applied Marine Research within the project
PRISMA 1 (Programma ill RIcerca e Sperimentazione per il
Mare Adriatico). We thank the crew members of the R. Y.
Urania for their technical assistance on board. We also thank
Y.Tirelli for her helpful comments. Finally, we acknowledge
two anonymous reviewers fur their constructive criticisms on
the previous version of the manuscript.
References
Alldredge AL, Passow U, Logan B (1993) The abundance and significance of a class of large, transparent organic particles in
the ocean. Deep - Sea Res I 40: 1131-1140
Berninger UG, Finlay BJ. Kuuppo-Leinikki P (1991) Protozoan
control of bacterial abundances in freshwater. LinInol
Ocenogr 36: 139-147
Billen G, Servais p, Becquevort S (1990) Dynamics of bacterioplankton in oligotrophic and eutrophic aquatic environments: bottom-up or top-down control? Hydrobiologia 207:
37-42
Bird DE, Kalff J (1984) Empirical relationships between bacterial
abundance and chlorophyll concentration in fresh and
marine waters. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 41: 1015-1023
Bregant D, Allegra A, Azzaro F, Civitarese G, Crisafi E, La Ferla R.
Luchetla A, Rabitti S (1992) Condizioni idrologiche
nell'Adriatico Meridionale. Aprile 1990.Atti IX Congr AIOL,
Nov 1990, pp 25-33
Bregant D, Azzaro F, Civitarese G, Crisafi E, La Ferla R, Leonardi
M, Luchetta A, Polimeni R, Raicich F (1994) Condizioni irlrologiche nell'Adriatico Meridionale. Novembre 1991. Atti X
Congr AIOL, Nov 1992, pp 37-46
Caron DA, Lim EL, Miceli G, Waterbury IB, Valois FW (1991)
Grazing and utilization of chrococcoid cyanobacteria and
heterotrophic bacteria by protozoa in laboratory cultures
and a coastal plankton community. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 76:
205-217
Cole JJ, Pace ML, Caraco NF, Seinhart GS (1993) Bacterial biomass
and cell size distributions in lakes: more and larger cells in
anoxic waters. Limnol Oceanogr 38: 1627-1632
Del Negro p. Ramani P, Marteechini E, Celio M (l995)
Distribuzione annuale del picoplancton in una stazione
costiera del Golfo di Trieste. Atti Xl Congr AIOL, Oet 1994,
pp 747-756
Dufour PH, Torrc!ton J-p (1996) Bottom-up and top-down control
of baeterioplankton from eutrophic to oligotrophic sites in
the tropical northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res 43:
1305-1320
Fenchel T (1986). Ecology of heterotrophic microflagellates. Adv
Microb Eco19: 57-95
Fuhrman JA (1999) Marine viruses and their biogeochemical and
ecological effects. Nature 399: 541-548
Fub D, Devescovi M, Precali R. Krstulovic N, Solie M (1991)
Bacterial abundance and activity in the highly stratified
estuary of the Krka River. Mar Chern 32: 333-346
Gaclc M, Civitare&e G, Ursella L (1999) Spatial and seasonal variability of water and biogeochemical fluxes in the Adriatic Sea.
In: Malanotte-Rizzoli P, Eremeev VN (eds) The Eastern
Mediterranean as a laboratory basin for assessment of contrasting ecosystems. Kluwer Acad Publ, Dordrecht,pp 335-357
Gasol JM (1994) A framework for the assessment of top-down
versus bottom-up control of heterotrophic nanoflagellate
abundance. Mar Bcol Prog Ser 113: 291-300
Gasol JM, Vaqul! D (1993) Lack of coupling between heterotrophic nanoflagellates and bacteria: a general phenomenon
across aquatic systems? Linmol Oceanogr 38: 657-665
Harding LW, Degobbis D. Precali R (1999) Production and fate of
phytoplankton: annual cycles and interannual variability. In:
Malone TC, Male; A. Harding LW, Smodlaka N, Turner RE
(eds) Ecosystems at the land-sea margin: drainage basin to
coastal sea. Coast Estuar Stud Am Geophys Union,
Washington DC, 55, pp 131-172
Krstulovic N, Solie M, Marasovic I (l99B) Regulation. of bacterial
abundance along the trophic gradient in the central Adriatic.
Rapp Comm Int Mer Mediterr 35: 360-361
La Ferla R, Monticelli L5, Giacobbe MG, Crisafi E (1993) Microbial
aspects of the Southern Adriatic Sea: present knowledge and
future prospects. In: Workshop Ric Mar Mediterr 2000
Oceano. Roma, Oct 1993
Martinussen I. Thingstad TP (1991) A simple double staining
technique for simultaneous quantification of auto- and heterotrophic nano- and picoplankton. Mar Microb Food Webs
5:5-11
Murphy LS, Haugen EM (1985) The distribution and abundance
of phototrophic ultraplankton in the North Atlantic. Lirnnol
Oceanogr 30: 47-58
Pace ML, Cole 11 (1994) Comparative and experimental approaches to top-down and bottom-up regulation of bacteria.
Microb Eco128: 181-193
Porter KG, Feig YS (1980) The use of DAPI to identifying and
counting aquatic microflora. Linmol Oceanogr 25: 943-948
Puddu A, La Ferla R. Allegra A, Bacci C, Lopez M. Oliva F, Pierotti
C (1998) Seasonal and spatial distribution of bacterial production and biomass along a salinity gradient (Northern
Adriatic Sea). Hydrobiologia 369: 271-282
Sanders RW, Caron DA. Berninger U-G (1992) Relationships
between bacteria and heterotrophic nanoplankton in
marine and freshwaters: an inter-ecosystem comparison.
Mar &01 Prog Ser 86: 1-14
Simon M, Cho BC, Azam F (1992) Significance of bacterial biomass in lakes and the ocean: comparison to phytoplankton
biomass and biogeochemical implications. Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 86: 103-110
Smodlaka N, Malone TC, Malej A, Harding LH (1999)
Introduction. In: Malone TC, Malej A, Harding LW.
Smodlaka N, Turner RE (eds) Ecosystems at the Land-Sea
Margin: drainage basin to coastal sea. Coast Estuarine Stud
Am Geophysi Union, Washington DC, 55: 1-6
Solie M, Krstulovic N (1994) Role of predation in controlling bacterial and heterotrophic nanoflagellate standing stocks in
the coastal Adriatic sea: seasonal patterns. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
114: 219-235
Solic M, Krstulovic N (1995) Bacterial carbon flux through the
microbial loop in Kastela Bay (Adriatic Sea). Ophelia 41:
345-360
Thingstad TF, Sackshaug E (1990) Control of phytoplankton
growth in nutrient recycling ecosystems: theory and terminology. Mar Eeol Prog Ser 63: 261-272
Turk V; Lipej 1, Malej A (1990) Heterotrophic plankton dynamic
in the stratified water-column in the Gulf of Trieste. Rapp
Comm lnt Mer Mediterr 32: 216
Weinbauer MG. HQfle MG (1998) Significance of viral lysis and
flagellate grazing as factors controlling bacterioplankton
production in a eutrophic lake. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:
431-438