Degradation products 95. 97. 112. 124
Density dependence 150. 2 I 9
Deposit-feeder 96,119,121,122,126,
143,160
Deposition 43, 45, 97, 100. 113, 127
Detritus 97
Diatoms 77, 81, 82, 85, 86. 91, 110. 161,
196,200.241
- benthic 91, 158, 178. 185, 186, 197. 245
- bloom 82, 85, 86, 88, 115, 196
- flexibility 77
- mobility 91, 179, 185, 188
-recolonization 175, 178, 179. 185, 186.
188
Dike 8,31,33,45.237-239,246
Dispersal 140, 142, 183. 212, 216, 255,
281,284.285
- ability 188
- mechanism 214
- mode 189
- post1arva1 133
- secondary 133-144, 215, 249, 277
Dissimilarity 57, 65-67, 71,74
Distribution 54,125,126,143,208,247
- normal 61, 70
- patchy 6, 39, 156. 244, 247
- pattern 6, 44, 57, 59, 77, 109, 118, 123.
125,126,128,142,143,151,153,156,
161,209,215,216,221-225,248,249,
254, 277
- scale 118, 143. 154, 156, 15S. 160
- spatial 41, 78,144,147-151,158,207209,212,215,218,221,223.236.237.
244, 247, 248. 252
- species 6, 247
- temporal and spatial 78. 95, 147-151,
247, 276
Disturbance 6-10,45,73, 133. 175-190,
214.218,227,229-233.241, 243-255,
261,282,284,285
- anthropogenic 8
- definition 7, 231
- effects 7, 194
- events 6,8,186,207-214.217.218,220222,224,231,234,238,248,250
- experiments, see Experiments
- frequency 8, 234. 236
- intensity 8, 179, 180, 183, 187
- natural 6. 8. 41, 175, 176. 186. 209, 231,
281
- regime 7, 8, 225, 231,232,234,235.240,
248
- scale 244. 248
- timing 8, 176, 180, 183, 187,248
- type 8, 183. 227, 228, 231, 234. 250, 263
Subject Index
299
Diversity 8, 45, 119, 155, 186. 255, 285
- biota 239
- functional 127,227,243,244,251,255,
285
- structural 209, 238
- taxonomic 227, 255
Drift 26, 28, 188, 277
- driftfauna 136, 140-144, 156
-driftnet 139,140,141,188
Dynamic 77, 223, 230, 233, 237, 253, 254,
261,263,281
- natural 283, 285, 286
- property 229
- reference, see Reference
- spatial and temporal 151, 207, 208, 216,
223
- tidal 26, 264
- water body 244-246
Ecological checklist 230, 231, 261, 263
Ecological models, see Models
Ecological system, see System
Ecosystem 209, 232, 281
- analysis 5, 6, 261,272
- complexity 228, 262
- definition 5,7,261
- quality 261, 264
Ecosystem engineer 36, 43-46, 281
Ecosystem Research 5, 51, 53, 73, 261264, 269, 273, 277
- applied projects 1, 5, 8, 269
- approaches 5, 261-264, 268, 271
- basic research 1,5,263,267,269,285
- Wadden Sea 1,5,263,267-269,272,
273, 278, 283
Elasticity, see Stability properties
Element
- composition 101, 106
- contents 1 ~O, 108
- distribution 102, 108, 123
- trace element 103, 123
Emergence 140, 141, 188
Emergence trap 141
Emergent property 9, 10, 232, 254, 262,
275
Energy 5, 232
- content 104, 112, 113
-flow 133,261
- gradient 33, 44
Ensis americanus 135-137,140,141,155,
198,201. 202
Enteromorpha spp. 98, 99, 115, 127
Environmental
- conditions 103, 134. 171, 249, 251, 282
- factor 128, 189
Density dependence 150. 2 I 9
Deposit-feeder 96,119,121,122,126,
143,160
Deposition 43, 45, 97, 100. 113, 127
Detritus 97
Diatoms 77, 81, 82, 85, 86. 91, 110. 161,
196,200.241
- benthic 91, 158, 178. 185, 186, 197. 245
- bloom 82, 85, 86, 88, 115, 196
- flexibility 77
- mobility 91, 179, 185, 188
-recolonization 175, 178, 179. 185, 186.
188
Dike 8,31,33,45.237-239,246
Dispersal 140, 142, 183. 212, 216, 255,
281,284.285
- ability 188
- mechanism 214
- mode 189
- post1arva1 133
- secondary 133-144, 215, 249, 277
Dissimilarity 57, 65-67, 71,74
Distribution 54,125,126,143,208,247
- normal 61, 70
- patchy 6, 39, 156. 244, 247
- pattern 6, 44, 57, 59, 77, 109, 118, 123.
125,126,128,142,143,151,153,156,
161,209,215,216,221-225,248,249,
254, 277
- scale 118, 143. 154, 156, 15S. 160
- spatial 41, 78,144,147-151,158,207209,212,215,218,221,223.236.237.
244, 247, 248. 252
- species 6, 247
- temporal and spatial 78. 95, 147-151,
247, 276
Disturbance 6-10,45,73, 133. 175-190,
214.218,227,229-233.241, 243-255,
261,282,284,285
- anthropogenic 8
- definition 7, 231
- effects 7, 194
- events 6,8,186,207-214.217.218,220222,224,231,234,238,248,250
- experiments, see Experiments
- frequency 8, 234. 236
- intensity 8, 179, 180, 183, 187
- natural 6. 8. 41, 175, 176. 186. 209, 231,
281
- regime 7, 8, 225, 231,232,234,235.240,
248
- scale 244. 248
- timing 8, 176, 180, 183, 187,248
- type 8, 183. 227, 228, 231, 234. 250, 263
Subject Index
299
Diversity 8, 45, 119, 155, 186. 255, 285
- biota 239
- functional 127,227,243,244,251,255,
285
- structural 209, 238
- taxonomic 227, 255
Drift 26, 28, 188, 277
- driftfauna 136, 140-144, 156
-driftnet 139,140,141,188
Dynamic 77, 223, 230, 233, 237, 253, 254,
261,263,281
- natural 283, 285, 286
- property 229
- reference, see Reference
- spatial and temporal 151, 207, 208, 216,
223
- tidal 26, 264
- water body 244-246
Ecological checklist 230, 231, 261, 263
Ecological models, see Models
Ecological system, see System
Ecosystem 209, 232, 281
- analysis 5, 6, 261,272
- complexity 228, 262
- definition 5,7,261
- quality 261, 264
Ecosystem engineer 36, 43-46, 281
Ecosystem Research 5, 51, 53, 73, 261264, 269, 273, 277
- applied projects 1, 5, 8, 269
- approaches 5, 261-264, 268, 271
- basic research 1,5,263,267,269,285
- Wadden Sea 1,5,263,267-269,272,
273, 278, 283
Elasticity, see Stability properties
Element
- composition 101, 106
- contents 1 ~O, 108
- distribution 102, 108, 123
- trace element 103, 123
Emergence 140, 141, 188
Emergence trap 141
Emergent property 9, 10, 232, 254, 262,
275
Energy 5, 232
- content 104, 112, 113
-flow 133,261
- gradient 33, 44
Ensis americanus 135-137,140,141,155,
198,201. 202
Enteromorpha spp. 98, 99, 115, 127
Environmental
- conditions 103, 134. 171, 249, 251, 282
- factor 128, 189