286
12 Protection of proccS\cs In the Waddell Sea
conflict for conservation. As a National Park, the protection of all natural processes has to be guaranteed, and as a biosphere reserve sustainable development
should be achieved. While the former gives priority to natural development undisturbed by any human impacts (zero-use), the latter always implies the use of
natural resources by man.
Existing regulations and the recommendations for a new National Park legislation in Schleswig-Holstein (Stock et al. 1996) try to solve this contlict with the
classification of zones, where either one of the two approaches is realized. However, this compromise can only comply with the protection of processes as required by national and trilateral governmental declarations if:
• the area for protection of processes is large enough and coherent (such as tidal
basins) and
• if a true sustainable use is accomplished in the remaining areas.
Even if entire tidal basins were protected, it has to be ensured that e.g. fishery
or tourism in the other zones follow the guidelines of sustainable use. This is currently counteracted e.g. by increasing sizes of fishing vessels with a higher catch
efficiency, a development criticised by German fisherman themselves. Thus the
protection of the Wadden Sea ecosystem still requires many efforts, both on the
conceptual level and in the debate with stakeholders. Future research in the Wadden Sea will face the challenge to contribute to a coastal zone management that
ensures the integration of both a natural dynamic and sustainable development in
this ecosystem.
Acknowledgements
Many colleagues were involved in the discussion about this chapter and we have
appreciated all of their comments. We thank especially Vera Knoke for stimulating comments. The project was funded by the German Bundesministerium fUr
Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) under grant number
03FO 1 12 A and B. The responsibility for the contents of the publication rests with
the authors.
References
Beukema JJ (1993) Successive changes in distribution patterns as an adaptive strategy in the
hivalve Mac(}lI1a balthica (L.) in the Wadden Sea. HelgoHinder Meeresunters 47: 287-304
Bihelriether H (1993a) Wiildcr in Naturschutzgebieten - ptlegen oder wachsen lassen') Bericht
liher die FINNPE- Generalversammlung in Helsinki, Finnland
Bibclriethcr H (1993h) Klare Zielc fOr Europaische Kulturlandschaften. Nationalpark 78: 37-39
Bibelriether H (1997) Studie liher hcstchendc und potentielle Nationalparke in Deutschland.
Angewandte Landschaftsukologie 10: 31-35
Bohmer H-J (1997) Zur Problematik des Mosaik-Zyklus-Begriffes. Natur und Landschaft 7/8:
333-338
Broggi MF (1996) Die Bedeutung von Nationalparken fOr die Bcwahrung des Naturerbes in
Europa. Ber Int Nationalparksymp. pp 16-21
Dankers N. de Vias J (1994) Ecological targets in the Wadden Sea. Ophelia Suppl6: 69-77
12 Protection of proccS\cs In the Waddell Sea
conflict for conservation. As a National Park, the protection of all natural processes has to be guaranteed, and as a biosphere reserve sustainable development
should be achieved. While the former gives priority to natural development undisturbed by any human impacts (zero-use), the latter always implies the use of
natural resources by man.
Existing regulations and the recommendations for a new National Park legislation in Schleswig-Holstein (Stock et al. 1996) try to solve this contlict with the
classification of zones, where either one of the two approaches is realized. However, this compromise can only comply with the protection of processes as required by national and trilateral governmental declarations if:
• the area for protection of processes is large enough and coherent (such as tidal
basins) and
• if a true sustainable use is accomplished in the remaining areas.
Even if entire tidal basins were protected, it has to be ensured that e.g. fishery
or tourism in the other zones follow the guidelines of sustainable use. This is currently counteracted e.g. by increasing sizes of fishing vessels with a higher catch
efficiency, a development criticised by German fisherman themselves. Thus the
protection of the Wadden Sea ecosystem still requires many efforts, both on the
conceptual level and in the debate with stakeholders. Future research in the Wadden Sea will face the challenge to contribute to a coastal zone management that
ensures the integration of both a natural dynamic and sustainable development in
this ecosystem.
Acknowledgements
Many colleagues were involved in the discussion about this chapter and we have
appreciated all of their comments. We thank especially Vera Knoke for stimulating comments. The project was funded by the German Bundesministerium fUr
Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) under grant number
03FO 1 12 A and B. The responsibility for the contents of the publication rests with
the authors.
References
Beukema JJ (1993) Successive changes in distribution patterns as an adaptive strategy in the
hivalve Mac(}lI1a balthica (L.) in the Wadden Sea. HelgoHinder Meeresunters 47: 287-304
Bihelriether H (1993a) Wiildcr in Naturschutzgebieten - ptlegen oder wachsen lassen') Bericht
liher die FINNPE- Generalversammlung in Helsinki, Finnland
Bibclriethcr H (1993h) Klare Zielc fOr Europaische Kulturlandschaften. Nationalpark 78: 37-39
Bibelriether H (1997) Studie liher hcstchendc und potentielle Nationalparke in Deutschland.
Angewandte Landschaftsukologie 10: 31-35
Bohmer H-J (1997) Zur Problematik des Mosaik-Zyklus-Begriffes. Natur und Landschaft 7/8:
333-338
Broggi MF (1996) Die Bedeutung von Nationalparken fOr die Bcwahrung des Naturerbes in
Europa. Ber Int Nationalparksymp. pp 16-21
Dankers N. de Vias J (1994) Ecological targets in the Wadden Sea. Ophelia Suppl6: 69-77