173
populations (sole and plaice) and three benthic
groups (Gasche et al. 2013 ). Fish populations
interact with the fi shing activity in the modelled
area. Several fl eets are modelled with an impact
on both fi sh and benthos, and aggregate extractions are also built in with an impact on benthos
only. No positive effects of MPAs on fi sh populations could be evidenced, either at the scale of the
Eastern English Channel or at smaller scales
gathering several bays on the French and English
coasts. On the contrary, effects of MPAs are very
important on benthic taxa. OSMOSE and
ATLANTIS present a further degree of complexity compared to ISIS-Fish, by building in trophic
interactions occurring between different ecosystem components. Both models are currently
being calibrated in relation to the Eastern Channel
ecosystem. The OSMOSE model is being applied
to evaluate the effects of MPAs on fi sh populations. The ATLANTIS model will be applied to
evaluate the effects of various area-based restrictions (including MPAs but also spatial interactions with maritime traffi c) on all ecosystem
compartments including fl eet dynamics and
economics.
5
Conclusions
and Perspectives
Both the information on and the understanding of
the Eastern English Channel marine ecosystem
have been advanced substantially in the past 15
years through systematic mapping and subsequent
modelling of key ecosystem compartments and
related human pressures. These information
and process knowledge are currently being
integrated into comprehensive end-to-end ecosystem models. The next stages will be dedicated to the evaluation of ecosystem-based
management strategies, building on the different
modelling approaches once fully developed and
calibrated, and last to the transfer of simulation
outcomes to help stakeholders and support decision making in the Eastern English Channel.
References
Carpentier A, Martin CS, Vaz S (eds) (2009) Channel
habitat Atlas for marine resource management, fi nal
report/Atlas des habitats des resources marines de la
Manche orientale, rapport fi nal (CHARM phase II).
INTERREG 3a Programme, IFREMER, Boulogne s/
mer, France, 626 pp. & CD-rom
Gasche L, Mahévas S, Marchal P (2013) Supporting fi sheries management by means of complex models: can
we point out isles of robustness in a sea of uncertainty?
PLoS ONE 8(10):e77566. doi: 10.1371/journal.
pone.0077566
Marchal P, Desprez M, Tidd A, Vermard Y (2014) How do
fi shing fl eets interact with aggregate extractions in a
congested sea? Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 149:168–177.
doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2014.08.005
Rochette S, Rivot E, Morin J, Mackinson S, Riou P, Le
Pape O (2010) Effect of nursery habitat destruction on
fl atfi sh population renewal. Application to common
sole ( Solea solea , L.) in the Eastern Channel (Western
Europe). J Sea Res 64:34–44
Rochette S, Huret M, Rivot E, Le Pape O (2012) Coupling
hydrodynamic and individual-based models to simulate long-term larval supply to coastal nursery areas.
Fish Oceanogr 21:229–242
Rochette S, Le Pape O, Vigneau J, Rivot E (2013) A hierarchical Bayesian model to merge larval drift and
juvenile habitat models with exploited fi sh population
dynamics. Ecol Appl 23:1659–1676
From Data to End-to-End Models: 15 Years of Research to Describe the Dynamics…
populations (sole and plaice) and three benthic
groups (Gasche et al. 2013 ). Fish populations
interact with the fi shing activity in the modelled
area. Several fl eets are modelled with an impact
on both fi sh and benthos, and aggregate extractions are also built in with an impact on benthos
only. No positive effects of MPAs on fi sh populations could be evidenced, either at the scale of the
Eastern English Channel or at smaller scales
gathering several bays on the French and English
coasts. On the contrary, effects of MPAs are very
important on benthic taxa. OSMOSE and
ATLANTIS present a further degree of complexity compared to ISIS-Fish, by building in trophic
interactions occurring between different ecosystem components. Both models are currently
being calibrated in relation to the Eastern Channel
ecosystem. The OSMOSE model is being applied
to evaluate the effects of MPAs on fi sh populations. The ATLANTIS model will be applied to
evaluate the effects of various area-based restrictions (including MPAs but also spatial interactions with maritime traffi c) on all ecosystem
compartments including fl eet dynamics and
economics.
5
Conclusions
and Perspectives
Both the information on and the understanding of
the Eastern English Channel marine ecosystem
have been advanced substantially in the past 15
years through systematic mapping and subsequent
modelling of key ecosystem compartments and
related human pressures. These information
and process knowledge are currently being
integrated into comprehensive end-to-end ecosystem models. The next stages will be dedicated to the evaluation of ecosystem-based
management strategies, building on the different
modelling approaches once fully developed and
calibrated, and last to the transfer of simulation
outcomes to help stakeholders and support decision making in the Eastern English Channel.
References
Carpentier A, Martin CS, Vaz S (eds) (2009) Channel
habitat Atlas for marine resource management, fi nal
report/Atlas des habitats des resources marines de la
Manche orientale, rapport fi nal (CHARM phase II).
INTERREG 3a Programme, IFREMER, Boulogne s/
mer, France, 626 pp. & CD-rom
Gasche L, Mahévas S, Marchal P (2013) Supporting fi sheries management by means of complex models: can
we point out isles of robustness in a sea of uncertainty?
PLoS ONE 8(10):e77566. doi: 10.1371/journal.
pone.0077566
Marchal P, Desprez M, Tidd A, Vermard Y (2014) How do
fi shing fl eets interact with aggregate extractions in a
congested sea? Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 149:168–177.
doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2014.08.005
Rochette S, Rivot E, Morin J, Mackinson S, Riou P, Le
Pape O (2010) Effect of nursery habitat destruction on
fl atfi sh population renewal. Application to common
sole ( Solea solea , L.) in the Eastern Channel (Western
Europe). J Sea Res 64:34–44
Rochette S, Huret M, Rivot E, Le Pape O (2012) Coupling
hydrodynamic and individual-based models to simulate long-term larval supply to coastal nursery areas.
Fish Oceanogr 21:229–242
Rochette S, Le Pape O, Vigneau J, Rivot E (2013) A hierarchical Bayesian model to merge larval drift and
juvenile habitat models with exploited fi sh population
dynamics. Ecol Appl 23:1659–1676
From Data to End-to-End Models: 15 Years of Research to Describe the Dynamics…