126
records has evidenced a highly dynamic community capable of responding very quickly to sporadic environmental forcing. A fast increase of
dinofl agellates’ abundance, including the harmful species Akashiwo sanguinea , was initiated by
the stratifi cation of the water column for which
they present physiological advantages compared
to other phytoplankton species. The potential
outbreak of a harmful algal bloom in the lagoon
was however disturbed by the mistral episode
with a mean speed exceeding 20 m/s. The possibility
of monitoring a great range of phytoplankton, at
high frequency and automatically (independently
of the weather conditions), with the associated
environmental conditions, opens new ways to
better understand the circumstances under which
harmful algal blooms can arise or disappear.
And since they constitute a main effect of eutrophication, autonomous fl ow cytometry obviously
appears appropriate to follow the rehabilitation
of the Berre lagoon which is expected after the
discharge restrictions imposed to the EDF power
plant. The characterization of the resilience of
this ecosystem will be eventually determinant for
the restoration of certain economical activities,
explaining why the interest of such instrumentation does not only stand for fundamental researchers in the fi eld of marine microbiology but also
for people, networks, and stakeholders directly or
indirectly concerned by eutrophication and the
quality of the aquatic environment.
References
Anderson DM (1989) Toxic algal blooms and red tides: a
global perspective. In: Red tides: biology, environmental science and toxicology. Elsevier Science
Publishing Co., pp 11–16
Anderson DM (2009) Approaches to monitoring, control
and management of harmful algal blooms (HABs).
Ocean Coast Manag 52:342–347
Anderson DM, Andersen P, Bricelj VM, Cullen JJ,
Rensel JE (2001) Monitoring and management strategies for harmful algal blooms in coastal waters,
APEC #201-MR-01.1, Asia Pacifi c economic
program, Singapore, and intergovernmental oceanographic commission technical series no. 59, Paris
Belin C, Berthome J-P (1988) Bilan des perturbations
phytoplanctoniques observées sur les côtes françaises
en 1986. Rapport IFREMER, pp 1–184
Botes L, Smit AJ, Cook PA (2003) The potential threat
of algal blooms to the abalone ( Haliotis midae )
mariculture industry situated around the South African
coast. Harmful Algae 2:247–259
Cardwell RD, Olsen S, Carr MI, Sanborn EW (1979)
Causes of oyster mortality in South Puget Sound.
NOAA Technical Memorandum, ERL MESA-39,
Environmental Research Laboratories, Marine
Ecosystems Analysis Program, Boulder
Cloern JE (1996) Phytoplankton bloom dynamics in
coastal ecosystems: a review with some general lessons
from sustained investigation of San Francisco Bay,
California. Rev Geophys 34:127–168
Du X, Peterson W, McCulloch A, Liu G (2011) An
unusual bloom of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo
sanguinea off the central Oregon, USA, coast in
autumn 2009. Harmful Algae 10:784–793
Dubelaar GBJ, Gerritzen PL (2000) CytoBuoy: a step
forward towards using fl ow cytometry in operational
oceanography. Sci Mar 64:255–265
Dubelaar GBJ, Gerritzen PL, Beeker AER, Jonker RR,
Tangen K (1999) Design and fi rst results of CytoBuoy:
a wireless fl ow cytometer for in situ analysis of marine
and fresh waters. Cytometry 37:247–254
GIPREB (2011) Bilan du suivi écologique 2011. http://
www.etangdeberre.org/upload/file/maxi/rapportsuivi-2011_250.pdf
Gouze E, Raimbault P, Garcia N, Picon P (2008) Nutrient
dynamics and primary production in the eutrophic
Berre lagoon (Mediterranean, France). Transit Waters
Bull 2:17–40
Group M (2011) Marine ecosystems’ responses to climatic
and anthropogenic forcings in the Mediterranean.
Prog Oceanogr 91:97–166
Jessup DA, Miller MA, Ryan J-P et al (2009) Mass stranding of marine birds caused by a surfactant-producing
red tide. PLoS ONE 4:e4550
Kremp A (2001) Effects of cyst resuspension on germination
and seeding of two bloom- forming dinofl agellates in
the Baltic Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 216:57–66
Litchman E, Neale P, Banaszak A (2002) Increased
sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation in nitrogen-limited
dinofl agellates: photoprotection and repair. Limnol
Oceanogr 47:86–94
Malkassian A (2012) Méthodes d’analyse fonctionnelle et
multivariée appliquées à l’étude du fonctionnement
écologique des assemblages phytoplanctoniques de
l’étang de Berre. Thesis. Université de la Méditerranée
Manté C, Michez N (2010) Expertise pour le traitement et
l’analyse statistique des données issues du suivi des
indicateurs biologiques dans l’étang de Berre . Rapport
GIPREB, pp 1–82
Matsubara T, Nagasoe S, Yamasaki Y, Shikata T,
Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y, Honjo T (2007) Effects of
temperature, salinity and irradiance on the growth of
the dinofl agellates Akashiwo sanguinea . J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 342:226–230
Mayot N, Gouze E, Malet N (2013) Bilan des apports à
l’étang de Berre et état des lieux de l’eutrophisation.
Les actes des rencontres LAGUN’R, pp 128–141
M. Dugenne et al.
records has evidenced a highly dynamic community capable of responding very quickly to sporadic environmental forcing. A fast increase of
dinofl agellates’ abundance, including the harmful species Akashiwo sanguinea , was initiated by
the stratifi cation of the water column for which
they present physiological advantages compared
to other phytoplankton species. The potential
outbreak of a harmful algal bloom in the lagoon
was however disturbed by the mistral episode
with a mean speed exceeding 20 m/s. The possibility
of monitoring a great range of phytoplankton, at
high frequency and automatically (independently
of the weather conditions), with the associated
environmental conditions, opens new ways to
better understand the circumstances under which
harmful algal blooms can arise or disappear.
And since they constitute a main effect of eutrophication, autonomous fl ow cytometry obviously
appears appropriate to follow the rehabilitation
of the Berre lagoon which is expected after the
discharge restrictions imposed to the EDF power
plant. The characterization of the resilience of
this ecosystem will be eventually determinant for
the restoration of certain economical activities,
explaining why the interest of such instrumentation does not only stand for fundamental researchers in the fi eld of marine microbiology but also
for people, networks, and stakeholders directly or
indirectly concerned by eutrophication and the
quality of the aquatic environment.
References
Anderson DM (1989) Toxic algal blooms and red tides: a
global perspective. In: Red tides: biology, environmental science and toxicology. Elsevier Science
Publishing Co., pp 11–16
Anderson DM (2009) Approaches to monitoring, control
and management of harmful algal blooms (HABs).
Ocean Coast Manag 52:342–347
Anderson DM, Andersen P, Bricelj VM, Cullen JJ,
Rensel JE (2001) Monitoring and management strategies for harmful algal blooms in coastal waters,
APEC #201-MR-01.1, Asia Pacifi c economic
program, Singapore, and intergovernmental oceanographic commission technical series no. 59, Paris
Belin C, Berthome J-P (1988) Bilan des perturbations
phytoplanctoniques observées sur les côtes françaises
en 1986. Rapport IFREMER, pp 1–184
Botes L, Smit AJ, Cook PA (2003) The potential threat
of algal blooms to the abalone ( Haliotis midae )
mariculture industry situated around the South African
coast. Harmful Algae 2:247–259
Cardwell RD, Olsen S, Carr MI, Sanborn EW (1979)
Causes of oyster mortality in South Puget Sound.
NOAA Technical Memorandum, ERL MESA-39,
Environmental Research Laboratories, Marine
Ecosystems Analysis Program, Boulder
Cloern JE (1996) Phytoplankton bloom dynamics in
coastal ecosystems: a review with some general lessons
from sustained investigation of San Francisco Bay,
California. Rev Geophys 34:127–168
Du X, Peterson W, McCulloch A, Liu G (2011) An
unusual bloom of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo
sanguinea off the central Oregon, USA, coast in
autumn 2009. Harmful Algae 10:784–793
Dubelaar GBJ, Gerritzen PL (2000) CytoBuoy: a step
forward towards using fl ow cytometry in operational
oceanography. Sci Mar 64:255–265
Dubelaar GBJ, Gerritzen PL, Beeker AER, Jonker RR,
Tangen K (1999) Design and fi rst results of CytoBuoy:
a wireless fl ow cytometer for in situ analysis of marine
and fresh waters. Cytometry 37:247–254
GIPREB (2011) Bilan du suivi écologique 2011. http://
www.etangdeberre.org/upload/file/maxi/rapportsuivi-2011_250.pdf
Gouze E, Raimbault P, Garcia N, Picon P (2008) Nutrient
dynamics and primary production in the eutrophic
Berre lagoon (Mediterranean, France). Transit Waters
Bull 2:17–40
Group M (2011) Marine ecosystems’ responses to climatic
and anthropogenic forcings in the Mediterranean.
Prog Oceanogr 91:97–166
Jessup DA, Miller MA, Ryan J-P et al (2009) Mass stranding of marine birds caused by a surfactant-producing
red tide. PLoS ONE 4:e4550
Kremp A (2001) Effects of cyst resuspension on germination
and seeding of two bloom- forming dinofl agellates in
the Baltic Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 216:57–66
Litchman E, Neale P, Banaszak A (2002) Increased
sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation in nitrogen-limited
dinofl agellates: photoprotection and repair. Limnol
Oceanogr 47:86–94
Malkassian A (2012) Méthodes d’analyse fonctionnelle et
multivariée appliquées à l’étude du fonctionnement
écologique des assemblages phytoplanctoniques de
l’étang de Berre. Thesis. Université de la Méditerranée
Manté C, Michez N (2010) Expertise pour le traitement et
l’analyse statistique des données issues du suivi des
indicateurs biologiques dans l’étang de Berre . Rapport
GIPREB, pp 1–82
Matsubara T, Nagasoe S, Yamasaki Y, Shikata T,
Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y, Honjo T (2007) Effects of
temperature, salinity and irradiance on the growth of
the dinofl agellates Akashiwo sanguinea . J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 342:226–230
Mayot N, Gouze E, Malet N (2013) Bilan des apports à
l’étang de Berre et état des lieux de l’eutrophisation.
Les actes des rencontres LAGUN’R, pp 128–141
M. Dugenne et al.