91
Jiménez C, Narvaez JF, Penuela GA (2012) Pharmaceutical
products in the environment: sources, effects and
risks. Vitae 19(1):92–108
Koczura R, Mokracka J, Jabłońska L, Gozdecka E, Kubek
M, Kaznowski A (2011) Antimicrobial resistance of
integron-harboring Escherichia coli isolates from
clinical samples, wastewater treatment plant and river
water. Sci Total Environ 14(1):680–685
Kohanski MA, DePristo MA, Collins JJ (2010) Sublethal
antibiotic treatment leads to multidrug resistance via
radical-induced mutagenesis. Mol Cell 37(3):311–320
Kümmerer K (2009) Antibiotics in the aquatic environmentA review-Part I. Chemosphere 75(4):417–434
Laroche E, Pawlak B, Berthe T, Skurnik D, Petit F (2009)
Occurrence of antibiotic resistance and class 1, 2 and
3 integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from a densely
populated estuary (Seine, France). FEMS Microbiol
Ecol 68(1):118–130
Leavis HL, Willems RJL, Top J, Bonten MJM (2006)
High-level ciprofl oxacin resistance from point mutations in gyrA and parC confi ned to global hospitaladapted clonal lineage CC17 of Enterococcus faecium .
J Clin Microbiol 44(3):1059–1064
Leclercq R, Oberlé K, Galopin S, Cattoir V, Budzinski H,
Petit F (2013) Changes in enterococcal populations
and related antibiotic resistance along a medical
center- wastewater treatment plant-river continuum.
Appl Environ Microbiol 79:2428–2434
Martinez JL (2008) Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance
genes in natural environments. Science 321:365–7
Martinez JL (2009) The role of natural environments in
the evolution of resistance traits in pathogenic bacteria.
Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 276(1667):2521–2530
Nwosu VC (2001) Antibiotic resistance with particular
reference to soil microorganisms. Res Microbiol
152:421–30
Oberlé K, Capdeville MJ, Berthe T, Budzinski H, Petit F
(2012) Evidence for a complex relationship between
antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli :
from medical center patients to a receiving environment.
Environ Sci Technol 46:1859–68
Phan K, Ferenci T (2013) A design- constraint trade-off
underpins the diversity in ecologically important traits
in species Escherichia coli . ISME J 7:2034–2043
Poirel L, Kämpfer P, Nordmann P (2002) Chromosomeencoded Ambler class A beta-lactamase of Kluyvera
georgiana , a probable progenitor of a subgroup of
CTX-M
extended-spectrum
beta-lactamases.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:4038–40
Ratajczak M, Laroche E, Berthe T, Clermont O, Pawlak
B, Denamur E, Petit F (2010) Infl uence of hydrological conditions on the Escherichia coli population
structure in the water of a creek on a rural watershed.
BMC Microbiol 10:222
Séveno N, Kallifi das D, Smalla K, Van Elsas J, Collard J,
Karagouni A, Wellington E (2002) Occurrence and
reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. Rev Med Microbiol 13:15
Tamtam F, Mercier F, Le Bot B, Eurin J, Tuc DQ,
Clément M, Chevreuil M (2008) Occurrence
and fate of antibiotics in the Seine River in various
hydrological conditions. Sci Total Environ 393(1):
84–95
Touron A, Berthe T, Gargala G, Fournier M, Ratajczak
M, Servais P, Petit F (2007) Assessment of faecal
contamination and the relationship between pathogens and faecal bacterial indicators in an estuarine
environment (Seine, France). Mar Pollut Bull
54(9):1441–1450
Watkinson AJ, Micalizzi GB, Graham GM, Bates JB,
Costanzo SD (2007) Antibiotic resistant Escherichia
coli in wastewaters, surface waters and oysters from
an urban riverine system. Appl Environ Microbiol
73(17):5667–5670
Watkinson AJ, Murby EJ, Kolpin DW, Costanzo SD
(2009) The occurrence of antibiotics in an urban
watershed: from wastewater to drinking water. Sci
Total Environ 407(8):2711–2723
Wellington E, Boxall AB, Cross P, Feil EJ, Gaze WH,
Hawkey PM, Johnson-Rollings AS, Jones DL, Lee
NM, Thomas CM, Williams AP (2013) The role of the
natural environment in the emergent of antibiotic
resistance in gram negative bacteria. Lancet Infect Dis
13:155–65
World Health Organization (2001) WHO global strategy
for containment of antimicrobial resistance. http://
apps.who.int//iris/handle/10665/66860
Fate of Antibiotics and Antibiotic-Resistant Fecal Bacteria in Water…
Jiménez C, Narvaez JF, Penuela GA (2012) Pharmaceutical
products in the environment: sources, effects and
risks. Vitae 19(1):92–108
Koczura R, Mokracka J, Jabłońska L, Gozdecka E, Kubek
M, Kaznowski A (2011) Antimicrobial resistance of
integron-harboring Escherichia coli isolates from
clinical samples, wastewater treatment plant and river
water. Sci Total Environ 14(1):680–685
Kohanski MA, DePristo MA, Collins JJ (2010) Sublethal
antibiotic treatment leads to multidrug resistance via
radical-induced mutagenesis. Mol Cell 37(3):311–320
Kümmerer K (2009) Antibiotics in the aquatic environmentA review-Part I. Chemosphere 75(4):417–434
Laroche E, Pawlak B, Berthe T, Skurnik D, Petit F (2009)
Occurrence of antibiotic resistance and class 1, 2 and
3 integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from a densely
populated estuary (Seine, France). FEMS Microbiol
Ecol 68(1):118–130
Leavis HL, Willems RJL, Top J, Bonten MJM (2006)
High-level ciprofl oxacin resistance from point mutations in gyrA and parC confi ned to global hospitaladapted clonal lineage CC17 of Enterococcus faecium .
J Clin Microbiol 44(3):1059–1064
Leclercq R, Oberlé K, Galopin S, Cattoir V, Budzinski H,
Petit F (2013) Changes in enterococcal populations
and related antibiotic resistance along a medical
center- wastewater treatment plant-river continuum.
Appl Environ Microbiol 79:2428–2434
Martinez JL (2008) Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance
genes in natural environments. Science 321:365–7
Martinez JL (2009) The role of natural environments in
the evolution of resistance traits in pathogenic bacteria.
Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 276(1667):2521–2530
Nwosu VC (2001) Antibiotic resistance with particular
reference to soil microorganisms. Res Microbiol
152:421–30
Oberlé K, Capdeville MJ, Berthe T, Budzinski H, Petit F
(2012) Evidence for a complex relationship between
antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli :
from medical center patients to a receiving environment.
Environ Sci Technol 46:1859–68
Phan K, Ferenci T (2013) A design- constraint trade-off
underpins the diversity in ecologically important traits
in species Escherichia coli . ISME J 7:2034–2043
Poirel L, Kämpfer P, Nordmann P (2002) Chromosomeencoded Ambler class A beta-lactamase of Kluyvera
georgiana , a probable progenitor of a subgroup of
CTX-M
extended-spectrum
beta-lactamases.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:4038–40
Ratajczak M, Laroche E, Berthe T, Clermont O, Pawlak
B, Denamur E, Petit F (2010) Infl uence of hydrological conditions on the Escherichia coli population
structure in the water of a creek on a rural watershed.
BMC Microbiol 10:222
Séveno N, Kallifi das D, Smalla K, Van Elsas J, Collard J,
Karagouni A, Wellington E (2002) Occurrence and
reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. Rev Med Microbiol 13:15
Tamtam F, Mercier F, Le Bot B, Eurin J, Tuc DQ,
Clément M, Chevreuil M (2008) Occurrence
and fate of antibiotics in the Seine River in various
hydrological conditions. Sci Total Environ 393(1):
84–95
Touron A, Berthe T, Gargala G, Fournier M, Ratajczak
M, Servais P, Petit F (2007) Assessment of faecal
contamination and the relationship between pathogens and faecal bacterial indicators in an estuarine
environment (Seine, France). Mar Pollut Bull
54(9):1441–1450
Watkinson AJ, Micalizzi GB, Graham GM, Bates JB,
Costanzo SD (2007) Antibiotic resistant Escherichia
coli in wastewaters, surface waters and oysters from
an urban riverine system. Appl Environ Microbiol
73(17):5667–5670
Watkinson AJ, Murby EJ, Kolpin DW, Costanzo SD
(2009) The occurrence of antibiotics in an urban
watershed: from wastewater to drinking water. Sci
Total Environ 407(8):2711–2723
Wellington E, Boxall AB, Cross P, Feil EJ, Gaze WH,
Hawkey PM, Johnson-Rollings AS, Jones DL, Lee
NM, Thomas CM, Williams AP (2013) The role of the
natural environment in the emergent of antibiotic
resistance in gram negative bacteria. Lancet Infect Dis
13:155–65
World Health Organization (2001) WHO global strategy
for containment of antimicrobial resistance. http://
apps.who.int//iris/handle/10665/66860
Fate of Antibiotics and Antibiotic-Resistant Fecal Bacteria in Water…