4.4 Different Systems for the Transaction of Genetic Resources
97
improvement programs based on the information provided in the Country Reports
(see Table 4.1t.
Seven % of all reporting countries (152) do not have sufficient resources to
develop crop improvement programs. These countries are classified as countries
with no programs. Smaller countries of sub-Saharan Africa or the Small Island
Developing States of the Pacific are examples of those countries (other examples
can be seen in Table 4.1), which are not able to utilize their own existing plant
genetic resources potential. These countries will depend further on the finished
products, developed in other countries, even though they may have a potential of
plant genetic resources, but the low demand for modern seed and limited resources
are not enough incentives for the development of independent programs.
Basic crop improvement programs, including germplasm identification,
introduction and evaluation programs, are predominantly performed in the public
sector of countries, where farmers rely mainly on vegetatively propagated crops,
e.g., African and Caribbean countries. This group is made up of 26 countries (17%
of the reporting countries).
Countries in Eastern Europe, Near East, Asia, Africa, and the smaller countries
of Central and South America, have the capacity to carry out well developed crop
improvement programs, i.e., evaluation, enhancement and improvement of
PGRFA through hybridization programs. This group is made up of 74 countries,
where the activities are still publicly dominated (49% of the reporting countries).
Countries from East Asia, Latin America and a few other countries such as
India, the Philippines, Kenya, and South Africa are to be found in the category of
Table 4.1. Classification of developing countries according to their breeding capacity and their
PGRFA potential, examples
Genetic
resources poor
countries
Genetic
resources rich
countries
No programs
Central African
Republic
Rwanda
Crop improvement program status
Basic
Angola.
Namibia, Cape
Verde
Developed
Burkina Faso,
Uruguay,
Myanmar, Papua Bolivia,
New Guinea
Madagascar,
Ethiopia, Korea
See Chap. 3.1 for the concept of agrobiodiversity-rich and poor countries.
Source:
FAD, 1996a and all relevant Country Reports
Advanced
Venezuela,
Brazil, India,
industrialized countries advanced crop improvement programs. A good level of
technological and scientific competence exist in these countries, including the
.. The 4 categories corresponding to the different levels of development of crop improvement
programs are based on the information provided in the Country Reports and FAD, 1996a.
97
improvement programs based on the information provided in the Country Reports
(see Table 4.1t.
Seven % of all reporting countries (152) do not have sufficient resources to
develop crop improvement programs. These countries are classified as countries
with no programs. Smaller countries of sub-Saharan Africa or the Small Island
Developing States of the Pacific are examples of those countries (other examples
can be seen in Table 4.1), which are not able to utilize their own existing plant
genetic resources potential. These countries will depend further on the finished
products, developed in other countries, even though they may have a potential of
plant genetic resources, but the low demand for modern seed and limited resources
are not enough incentives for the development of independent programs.
Basic crop improvement programs, including germplasm identification,
introduction and evaluation programs, are predominantly performed in the public
sector of countries, where farmers rely mainly on vegetatively propagated crops,
e.g., African and Caribbean countries. This group is made up of 26 countries (17%
of the reporting countries).
Countries in Eastern Europe, Near East, Asia, Africa, and the smaller countries
of Central and South America, have the capacity to carry out well developed crop
improvement programs, i.e., evaluation, enhancement and improvement of
PGRFA through hybridization programs. This group is made up of 74 countries,
where the activities are still publicly dominated (49% of the reporting countries).
Countries from East Asia, Latin America and a few other countries such as
India, the Philippines, Kenya, and South Africa are to be found in the category of
Table 4.1. Classification of developing countries according to their breeding capacity and their
PGRFA potential, examples
Genetic
resources poor
countries
Genetic
resources rich
countries
No programs
Central African
Republic
Rwanda
Crop improvement program status
Basic
Angola.
Namibia, Cape
Verde
Developed
Burkina Faso,
Uruguay,
Myanmar, Papua Bolivia,
New Guinea
Madagascar,
Ethiopia, Korea
See Chap. 3.1 for the concept of agrobiodiversity-rich and poor countries.
Source:
FAD, 1996a and all relevant Country Reports
Advanced
Venezuela,
Brazil, India,
industrialized countries advanced crop improvement programs. A good level of
technological and scientific competence exist in these countries, including the
.. The 4 categories corresponding to the different levels of development of crop improvement
programs are based on the information provided in the Country Reports and FAD, 1996a.