The Heterotrimeric G Protein Genes of Caenorhabditis e/egans
31
CUS04, 4% and 0.4% SDS, and 4 M fructose as aversive compounds.
Young adult worms were placed on a plate and stimulated to cross an
aversive barrier by placing 1 JlI of isoamyla1cohol within a semicircle of
the aversive compound. The animals on the two halves of the plate were
counted after 90 min, and an aversion index was calculated as the
percentage of animals that crawled through the barrier.
Volatile chemotaxis assays were performed as described (Bargmann
and Horvitz 1991). Attractants used were: 2,4,5-trimethylthiazole, perceived by AWA and AWC; pyrazine (10 and 100 mg/ml) and diacetyl
perceived by AWA; and isoamylalcohol, benzaldehyde and 2,3-pentanedione perceived by AWC (Bargmann et al. 1993; Sengupta et al.
1994). Aversive odorants used were 2-nonanone, detected by the AWB
neurons (Troemel et al. 1997), and l-octanol detected by ADL and ASH
(Troemel et al. 1995). All attractants were tested in a 10 or 100 times
dilution (unless otherwise indicated) in ethanol. The aversive odorants
were tested undiluted or diluted ten times in ethanol.
Male mating efficiency was tested as described (Mendel et al. 1995).
Locomotion and egg laying were assayed as described (Korswagen et al.
1997).
2.3.6 Statistical Analysis
Statistical analysis of behavioral data was done with SPSS 8.0 for
W~ndows. Depending on the assay, a paired t-test, a one way ANOVA
and Dunnett post-hoc, or factorial ANOVA and Tuckey post-hoc comparisons were used. An a. level of 0.05 was used in all tests. All results
are given as mean±SEM.
Acknowledgments. Part of the results presented in this paper have previously
been reported in Jansen et al. 1999. We thank Cori Bargmann for strains and
help in identification of amphid neurons, Lorna Brundage and Mel Simon for
the communication of unpublished results, Alan Coulson for cosmids, and the
Fire lab for GFP-expression vectors. We gratefully acknowledge Richard
Zwaal, Jaap Neels, Rik Korswagen, and Yusuke Kato for the isolation of mutant strains, Corry de Vries for help with behavioral assays and Stephen Wicks
for help with statistical analyses and behavioral assays. We thank Claudia van
den Berg, Piet Borst, Rik Korswagen, and Stephen Wicks for comments on the
manuscript. This work was supported by grant NKI 94-809 from the Nether-
31
CUS04, 4% and 0.4% SDS, and 4 M fructose as aversive compounds.
Young adult worms were placed on a plate and stimulated to cross an
aversive barrier by placing 1 JlI of isoamyla1cohol within a semicircle of
the aversive compound. The animals on the two halves of the plate were
counted after 90 min, and an aversion index was calculated as the
percentage of animals that crawled through the barrier.
Volatile chemotaxis assays were performed as described (Bargmann
and Horvitz 1991). Attractants used were: 2,4,5-trimethylthiazole, perceived by AWA and AWC; pyrazine (10 and 100 mg/ml) and diacetyl
perceived by AWA; and isoamylalcohol, benzaldehyde and 2,3-pentanedione perceived by AWC (Bargmann et al. 1993; Sengupta et al.
1994). Aversive odorants used were 2-nonanone, detected by the AWB
neurons (Troemel et al. 1997), and l-octanol detected by ADL and ASH
(Troemel et al. 1995). All attractants were tested in a 10 or 100 times
dilution (unless otherwise indicated) in ethanol. The aversive odorants
were tested undiluted or diluted ten times in ethanol.
Male mating efficiency was tested as described (Mendel et al. 1995).
Locomotion and egg laying were assayed as described (Korswagen et al.
1997).
2.3.6 Statistical Analysis
Statistical analysis of behavioral data was done with SPSS 8.0 for
W~ndows. Depending on the assay, a paired t-test, a one way ANOVA
and Dunnett post-hoc, or factorial ANOVA and Tuckey post-hoc comparisons were used. An a. level of 0.05 was used in all tests. All results
are given as mean±SEM.
Acknowledgments. Part of the results presented in this paper have previously
been reported in Jansen et al. 1999. We thank Cori Bargmann for strains and
help in identification of amphid neurons, Lorna Brundage and Mel Simon for
the communication of unpublished results, Alan Coulson for cosmids, and the
Fire lab for GFP-expression vectors. We gratefully acknowledge Richard
Zwaal, Jaap Neels, Rik Korswagen, and Yusuke Kato for the isolation of mutant strains, Corry de Vries for help with behavioral assays and Stephen Wicks
for help with statistical analyses and behavioral assays. We thank Claudia van
den Berg, Piet Borst, Rik Korswagen, and Stephen Wicks for comments on the
manuscript. This work was supported by grant NKI 94-809 from the Nether-