739
Chlorophylls and their Degradation in Nature
be listed as follows: (i) Investigation on the relationship between Chl a and DOM
and POM in a variety of waters, with high and low DOM contents; (ii) Investigation
on phytoplankton photosynthesis along with measurement of Chl a, DIC, CO 2 ,
H 2 O 2 and dissolved O 2 . Note that H 2 O 2 is photochemically produced from dissolved O 2 (see chapter “Photosynthesis in Nature: A New Look”). Recently, significant correlation has been found between dissolved O 2 and benthic or sestonic
Chl concentration (Heiskary and Markus 2003; Miltner 2010), possibly due to H 2 O 2
generation from dissolved O 2 followed by in algal production. (iii) New model studies are required, dealing with the mechanism of SCM and DCM formation and elucidating the role of organic matter (DOM and POM), solar radiation, photoinduced
formation of DIC, CO 2 and H 2 O 2 , and water temperature. Note that solar radiation
and water temperature are vital for the photoinduced generation of H 2 O 2 , DIC, CO 2
and nutrients from DOM and POM (see chapter “Photosynthesis in Nature: A New
Look”). (iv) Investigation on photosynthesis in natural waters, with and without
addition of phytoplankton/algae/cyanobacteria (POM) Such a study could elucidate
the effect and role of POM on the photosynthesis, allowing a distinction between
photosynthetic processes conducted by DOM and POM. (v) Study of changes of
dissolved O 2 concentration along with those of H 2 O 2 and Chl a. (vi) Elucidation of
the role and contribution of H 2 O 2 , produced either intramolecularly or extracellularly on photosynthesis, in aquatic phytoplankton and higher plants.
8 Nomenclature
CDOM Chromophoric dissolved organic matter
Chl
Chlorophyll
Chls
Chlorophylls
DCM Deep chlorophyll a maximum
DIC
Dissolved inorganic carbon (dissolved CO 2 , H 2 CO 3 , HCO 3
− , and CO 3
2− )
DOM Dissolved organic matter
FDOM Fluorescent dissolved organic matter
H 2 O 2 Hydrogen peroxide
NCC
Nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites
1 O 2
Singlet oxygen
O 2
−
Super oxide anion radical
HO •
Hydroxyl radical
OM
Organic matter
Pfcc
Primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite
POM Particulate organic matter
RCC
Red chlorophyll catabolite
RCCR Red Chl catabolite reductase
ROS
Reactive oxygen species
SCM Surface or subsurface chlorophyll a maximum
WT
Water temperature
Chlorophylls and their Degradation in Nature
be listed as follows: (i) Investigation on the relationship between Chl a and DOM
and POM in a variety of waters, with high and low DOM contents; (ii) Investigation
on phytoplankton photosynthesis along with measurement of Chl a, DIC, CO 2 ,
H 2 O 2 and dissolved O 2 . Note that H 2 O 2 is photochemically produced from dissolved O 2 (see chapter “Photosynthesis in Nature: A New Look”). Recently, significant correlation has been found between dissolved O 2 and benthic or sestonic
Chl concentration (Heiskary and Markus 2003; Miltner 2010), possibly due to H 2 O 2
generation from dissolved O 2 followed by in algal production. (iii) New model studies are required, dealing with the mechanism of SCM and DCM formation and elucidating the role of organic matter (DOM and POM), solar radiation, photoinduced
formation of DIC, CO 2 and H 2 O 2 , and water temperature. Note that solar radiation
and water temperature are vital for the photoinduced generation of H 2 O 2 , DIC, CO 2
and nutrients from DOM and POM (see chapter “Photosynthesis in Nature: A New
Look”). (iv) Investigation on photosynthesis in natural waters, with and without
addition of phytoplankton/algae/cyanobacteria (POM) Such a study could elucidate
the effect and role of POM on the photosynthesis, allowing a distinction between
photosynthetic processes conducted by DOM and POM. (v) Study of changes of
dissolved O 2 concentration along with those of H 2 O 2 and Chl a. (vi) Elucidation of
the role and contribution of H 2 O 2 , produced either intramolecularly or extracellularly on photosynthesis, in aquatic phytoplankton and higher plants.
8 Nomenclature
CDOM Chromophoric dissolved organic matter
Chl
Chlorophyll
Chls
Chlorophylls
DCM Deep chlorophyll a maximum
DIC
Dissolved inorganic carbon (dissolved CO 2 , H 2 CO 3 , HCO 3
− , and CO 3
2− )
DOM Dissolved organic matter
FDOM Fluorescent dissolved organic matter
H 2 O 2 Hydrogen peroxide
NCC
Nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites
1 O 2
Singlet oxygen
O 2
−
Super oxide anion radical
HO •
Hydroxyl radical
OM
Organic matter
Pfcc
Primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite
POM Particulate organic matter
RCC
Red chlorophyll catabolite
RCCR Red Chl catabolite reductase
ROS
Reactive oxygen species
SCM Surface or subsurface chlorophyll a maximum
WT
Water temperature